沙特公众对精神疾病、精神疾病患者及寻求帮助的态度与社会人口学相关因素

Attitudes toward mental illness, mentally ill persons, and help-seeking among the Saudi public and sociodemographic correlates.

作者信息

Abolfotouh Mostafa A, Almutairi Adel F, Almutairi Zainab, Salam Mahmoud, Alhashem Anwar, Adlan Abdallah A, Modayfer Omar

机构信息

Research Training and Development Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin-Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,

Science and Technology Unit, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin-Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

出版信息

Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2019 Jan 14;12:45-54. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S191676. eCollection 2019.

DOI:10.2147/PRBM.S191676

PMID:30679929

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6338115/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

It has been reported that the majority of individuals with mental illnesses (MIs) do not seek help. Few studies have focused on correlates of a positive attitude toward professional help-seeking for MI. This study aimed to determine levels of knowledge, perception, and attitudes toward MI, determine attitudes toward mental health help-seeking, and identify sociodemographic predictors of correct knowledge and favorable attitudes among the Saudi public.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 650 Saudi adults aged >18 years who attended the Saudi Jenadriyah annual cultural and heritage festival during February 2016. The previously validated Attitudes to Mental Illness Questionnaire was used. Attitude to professional help-seeking was also assessed, using a tool retrieved from the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview part II. Multiple regression analyses were applied, and statistical significance considered at <0.05.

RESULTS

The majority of the Saudi public reported lack of knowledge about the nature of MI (87.5%, percentage mean score [PMS] 45.02±19.98), negative perception (59%, PMS 59.76±9.16), negative attitudes to MI (66.5%, PMS 65.86±7.77), and negative attitudes to professional help-seeking (54.5%, PMS 62.45±8.54). Marital status was a predictor of knowledge (=-3.12, =0.002), attitudes to MI (=2.93, =0.003), and attitudes to help-seeking (=2.20, =0.03). Attitudes to help-seeking were also predicted by sex (=-2.72, =0.007), employment (=3.05, =0.002), and monthly income (=2.79, =0.005). Perceptions toward the mentally ill were not predicted by these socioeconomic characteristics (>0.05).

CONCLUSION

The Saudi public reported lack of knowledge of MI and stigmatizing attitudes toward people with MI in relation to treatment, work, marriage, and recovery and toward professional help-seeking. Sociodemographic characteristics predicted correct knowledge and favorable attitudes, while Saudi culture was the likely factor behind negative judgments about mentally ill persons. Efforts to challenge this negative publicity and stigma through antistigma campaigns and public education through schools and media are recommended.

摘要

背景

据报道，大多数患有精神疾病的人不寻求帮助。很少有研究关注对精神疾病寻求专业帮助持积极态度的相关因素。本研究旨在确定沙特公众对精神疾病的知识水平、认知和态度，确定对寻求心理健康帮助的态度，并确定正确知识和积极态度的社会人口学预测因素。

方法

对650名年龄大于18岁的沙特成年人进行了横断面调查，这些人参加了2016年2月举行的沙特杰纳德里亚年度文化和遗产节。使用了先前经过验证的《对精神疾病的态度问卷》。还使用从《世界心理健康综合国际诊断访谈》第二部分中获取的工具评估了对寻求专业帮助的态度。应用了多元回归分析，统计学显著性设定为<0.05。

结果

大多数沙特公众报告称对精神疾病的本质缺乏了解（87.5%，平均得分百分比[PMS]45.02±19.98）、认知负面（59%，PMS 59.76±9.16）、对精神疾病持负面态度（66.5%，PMS 65.86±7.77）以及对寻求专业帮助持负面态度（54.5%，PMS 62.45±8.54）。婚姻状况是知识（β=-3.12，P=0.002）、对精神疾病的态度（β=2.93，P=0.003）以及对寻求帮助的态度（β=2.20，P=0.03）的预测因素。对寻求帮助的态度还可由性别（β=-2.72，P=0.007）、就业情况（β=3.05，P=0.002）和月收入（β=2.79，P=0.005）预测。这些社会经济特征无法预测对精神疾病患者的认知（P>0.05）。