Mamma Maria, Spandidos Demetrios A
Department of Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece.
Exp Ther Med. 2019 Feb;17(2):1149-1153. doi: 10.3892/etm.2018.7077. Epub 2018 Dec 10.
Customs Service is a financial authority responsible for controlling the flow of importation and exportation goods in each country and for collecting the relevant taxes. Customs officers are considered as 'high-demand' and 'high-responsibility' governmental officials, which constitute members of multidisciplinary teams at the local, as well as international level and collaborate with different authorities, including medical officers. Despite limited data in the medical literature, customs officers are considered as a 'high-risk' occupational group for infections and environmental health risk. During the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and influenza A/H1N1 pandemic outbreaks in 2003 and 2009, respectively, customs officers had a fundamental front-line input in the establishment of the recommended at that time border measures. In Belgium in 1994, a psittacosis outbreak occurred in customs officers following their exposure to illegally imported parakeets. During the recent increased immigration proceedings, customs officers have been involved in detaining unauthorized populations for various infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, varicella and measles. Occupational risk for customs officers also includes noise-induced hearing loss, exposure to diesel engine emission and stored tobacco and occupational stress due to their increased time-schedule and decision-making duties. In this review, we discuss customs officers' occupational risk towards environmental and infectious factors, including viral infections, tuberculosis and psittacosis.
海关是一个金融管理机构，负责管控各国进出口货物的流动并征收相关税费。海关官员被视为“高要求”和“高责任”的政府官员，他们是地方和国际层面多学科团队的成员，并与包括医务人员在内的不同部门合作。尽管医学文献中的数据有限，但海关官员被视为感染和环境卫生风险的“高风险”职业群体。在2003年的严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）疫情和2009年的甲型H1N1流感大流行期间，海关官员在当时建议的边境措施的制定中发挥了重要的一线作用。1994年在比利时，海关官员在接触非法进口的长尾小鹦鹉后爆发了鹦鹉热疫情。在近期移民程序增加的情况下，海关官员参与了对各种传染病（如结核病、水痘和麻疹）的无证人员的拘留工作。海关官员的职业风险还包括噪声性听力损失、接触柴油发动机排放物和储存的烟草，以及由于工作时间增加和决策职责导致的职业压力。在本综述中，我们讨论了海关官员面临的环境和感染因素的职业风险，包括病毒感染、结核病和鹦鹉热。
