Niki Maiko, Nakaya Aya, Kurata Takayasu, Nakahama Kahori, Yoshioka Hiroshige, Kaneda Toshihiko, Kibata Kayoko, Ogata Makoto, Nomura Shosaku
First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan.
Mol Clin Oncol. 2019 Feb;10(2):267-269. doi: 10.3892/mco.2018.1777. Epub 2018 Nov 27.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have markedly changed lung cancer treatment and improved overall survival. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors may be associated with various adverse events, including encephalitis, although this complication is rare. We herein describe the clinical characteristics of a case of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced encephalitis and its management. A 51-year-old man with squamous non-small cell lung cancer was receiving pembrolizumab treatment when he suddenly displayed an altered level of consciousness. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed elevated lymphocyte count and autoimmune encephalitis was suspected. The patient was promptly started on steroids and his consciousness immediately improved. Pembrolizumab treatment was discontinued; however, stable disease was maintained. In conclusion, encephalitis is a rare but possibly fatal adverse event of immune checkpoint inhibitors, and prompt diagnosis and treatment are mandatory.
免疫检查点抑制剂显著改变了肺癌治疗方式并提高了总生存率。然而，免疫检查点抑制剂可能与包括脑炎在内的各种不良事件相关，尽管这种并发症很罕见。我们在此描述一例免疫检查点抑制剂诱发的脑炎病例的临床特征及其治疗情况。一名51岁的鳞状非小细胞肺癌男性患者在接受帕博利珠单抗治疗时突然出现意识水平改变。脑脊液检查显示淋巴细胞计数升高，怀疑为自身免疫性脑炎。患者立即开始使用类固醇治疗，其意识随即改善。帕博利珠单抗治疗中断；然而，病情保持稳定。总之，脑炎是免疫检查点抑制剂罕见但可能致命的不良事件，必须进行及时诊断和治疗。
