Glanz K, Mullis R M
Department of Health Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122.
Health Educ Q. 1988 Winter;15(4):395-415. doi: 10.1177/109019818801500403.
Environmental interventions are an important part of efforts to improve health in populations. With respect to strategies to encourage positive nutrition behavior, environmental approaches help create opportunities for action by removing barriers to following a healthy diet. This article reviews the rationale, conceptual models, program examples, and recent empirical evidence regarding the extent and effects of environmental interventions to promote healthy eating. The state of the art is described for five types of interventions: (1) changes in the food supply; (2) point of choice nutrition information; (3) collaboration with private sector food vendors; (4) worksite nutrition policies and incentives; and (5) changes in the structure of health and medical care related to nutrition. Environmental approaches to dietary behavior change can reach large segments of the population through increased availability of nutritious foods, provision of quality nutrition services in workplace and health care settings, and accessible information about healthful food choices. Nutrition intervention can also serve as a model for other types of health promotion initiatives using multidimensional environmental and educational technologies.
环境干预是改善人群健康工作的重要组成部分。在鼓励积极营养行为的策略方面，环境方法通过消除遵循健康饮食的障碍来帮助创造行动机会。本文回顾了关于促进健康饮食的环境干预的范围和效果的基本原理、概念模型、项目实例以及近期实证证据。阐述了五种干预类型的最新情况：（1）食品供应的变化；（2）选择点的营养信息；（3）与私营部门食品供应商的合作；（4）工作场所营养政策和激励措施；（5）与营养相关的健康和医疗保健结构的变化。通过增加营养食品的供应、在工作场所和医疗保健环境中提供优质营养服务以及提供关于健康食品选择的可获取信息，改变饮食行为的环境方法可以惠及大部分人群。营养干预还可以作为其他类型使用多维环境和教育技术的健康促进举措的典范。
