Cinquerrui Alessandro, Polizzi Giancarlo, Aiello Dalia, Vitale Alessandro
Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Plant Dis. 2017 Jan;101(1):165-169. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-06-16-0801-RE. Epub 2016 Oct 17.
Chemical control represents the main effective strategy for managing Calonectria diseases in ornamental nurseries. The occurrence of fungicide-resistant strains and the European Directive on "Sustainable Use of Pesticides" has forced ornamental plant growers to establish effective integrated pest management strategies to control Calonectria infections. Here, three nursery experiments were performed to detect the best combinations of fungicides and biological control agents (BCA) to control both leaf spot, caused by six Calonectria spp. on bottlebrush and metrosideros, and stem rot, caused by Calonectria morganii on Dodonaea plants. Overall, the cyprodinil + fludioxonil mixture alone or combined with bioformulates containing Bacillus, Trichoderma, and Streptomyces spp. provided the best performance in reducing leaf spot and stem rot caused by Calonectria spp., followed by the mixture of boscalid + pyraclostrobin. Although BCA alone provided disease suppression significantly lower than the controls in most cases, these treatments were, on average, the least effective in controlling Calonectria infections. Otherwise, there were no significant increases in efficacy with fungicides plus BCA over fungicides alone. Thus, the application of boscalid + pyraclostrobin and cyprodinil + fludioxonil mixtures may also be used in large-scale applications to reduce Calonectria diseases because they effectively managed leaf and stem infections. Our comprehensive research applied previously acquired information on Calonectria disease management in nurseries, resulting in important data that affects integrated plans to fight these pathogens in accordance with European legislation.
化学防治是观赏苗圃中管理卡氏枝孢属病害的主要有效策略。抗真菌剂菌株的出现以及欧洲“农药可持续使用指令”迫使观赏植物种植者制定有效的综合虫害管理策略来控制卡氏枝孢属感染。在此，进行了三项苗圃试验，以检测杀菌剂和生物防治剂（BCA）的最佳组合，以控制由六种卡氏枝孢属物种引起的红千层和铁心木上的叶斑病，以及由摩根氏卡氏枝孢引起的澳洲茶属植物上的茎腐病。总体而言，咯菌腈+氟啶胺混合物单独使用或与含有芽孢杆菌属、木霉属和链霉菌属的生物制剂组合使用，在减少由卡氏枝孢属物种引起的叶斑病和茎腐病方面表现最佳，其次是啶酰菌胺+吡唑醚菌酯混合物。尽管在大多数情况下，单独使用生物防治剂提供的病害抑制效果明显低于对照，但这些处理平均而言在控制卡氏枝孢属感染方面效果最差。此外，与单独使用杀菌剂相比，杀菌剂加生物防治剂在功效上没有显著提高。因此，啶酰菌胺+吡唑醚菌酯和咯菌腈+氟啶胺混合物的应用也可用于大规模应用，以减少卡氏枝孢属病害，因为它们有效地控制了叶片和茎部感染。我们的综合研究应用了先前获得的关于苗圃中卡氏枝孢属病害管理的信息，得出了重要数据，这些数据影响了根据欧洲法规对抗这些病原体的综合计划。
