School of Life Sciences and Aging Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea.
Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
Cells. 2019 Jan 24;8(2):87. doi: 10.3390/cells8020087.
Dbl (B-cell lymphoma)-related guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), the largest family of GEFs, are directly responsible for the activation of Rho family GTPases and essential for a number of cellular events such as proliferation, differentiation and movement. The members of the Ephexin (Eph-interacting exchange protein) family, a subgroup of Dbl GEFs, initially were named for their interaction with Eph receptors and sequence homology with Ephexin1. Although the first Ephexin was identified about two decades ago, their functions in physiological and pathological contexts and regulatory mechanisms remained elusive until recently. Ephexins are now considered as GEFs that can activate Rho GTPases such as RhoA, Rac, Cdc42, and RhoG. Moreover, Ephexins have been shown to have pivotal roles in neural development, tumorigenesis, and efferocytosis. In this review, we discuss the known and proposed functions of Ephexins in physiological and pathological contexts, as well as their regulatory mechanisms.
Dbl（B 细胞淋巴瘤）相关鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子（GEFs）是 GEFs 家族中最大的家族，它们直接负责激活 Rho 家族 GTPases，对于许多细胞事件如增殖、分化和运动至关重要。Ephexin（Eph 相互作用交换蛋白）家族是 Dbl GEFs 的一个亚群，最初因其与 Eph 受体的相互作用和与 Ephexin1 的序列同源性而得名。尽管第一个 Ephexin 大约在二十年前被发现，但它们在生理和病理环境中的功能以及调节机制直到最近才被揭示。Ephexins 现在被认为是可以激活 Rho GTPases（如 RhoA、Rac、Cdc42 和 RhoG）的 GEFs。此外，Ephexins 已被证明在神经发育、肿瘤发生和吞噬作用中具有关键作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 Ephexins 在生理和病理环境中的已知和拟议功能，以及它们的调节机制。
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