School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 701 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, United States of America.
School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 701 Highland Ave., Room 5127, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America.
Appl Nurs Res. 2019 Feb;45:30-38. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2018.11.002. Epub 2018 Nov 7.
Self-management is crucial for liver transplant (LT) recipients to maintain transplants and optimize health outcomes. However, previous literature has been primarily limited to examining medication adherence; there is a knowledge gap regarding self-management in the LT population.
The aims of this study were to 1) comprehensively describe self-management behaviors and activities in LT recipients, 2) explore levels of overall self-management, and 3) explore the relationships of self-efficacy, cognition, and health information seeking behavior with self-management.
Adult LT recipients (n = 113) who had a functioning transplant for at least 6 months participated in this cross-sectional, descriptive study. Participants were asked to identify self-management behaviors and rate their performance of those behaviors, including symptom management and medication adherence. They also completed a cognitive assessment and questionnaires measuring self-efficacy and health information seeking behavior. Descriptive statistics, latent profile analysis, and probit model for path analysis were used for the data analysis.
LT recipients acknowledged engaging in various self-management behaviors including symptom management, physical activity, maintenance of positive attitudes, and communication with healthcare providers. Three levels of self-management (i.e., low, medium, and high) were found; a high level of self-management was related to self-efficacy and health information seeking behavior.
The findings indicate that self-management may be improved with interventions aimed at increasing self-efficacy and health information seeking behavior. Findings from this study will inform future interventions, to improve self-management and subsequent health outcomes in this population. Future longitudinal studies are necessary to confirm the causality of the identified relationships.
自我管理对于肝移植（LT）受者维持移植和优化健康结果至关重要。然而，以前的文献主要局限于检查药物依从性；在 LT 人群中，自我管理方面存在知识空白。
本研究旨在 1）全面描述 LT 受者的自我管理行为和活动，2）探讨总体自我管理水平，3）探讨自我效能感、认知和健康信息寻求行为与自我管理的关系。
本横断面描述性研究纳入了至少有 6 个月功能移植的成年 LT 受者（n=113）。要求参与者识别自我管理行为并评估其行为表现，包括症状管理和药物依从性。他们还完成了认知评估以及衡量自我效能感和健康信息寻求行为的问卷。采用描述性统计、潜在剖面分析和概率模型进行路径分析。
LT 受者承认他们在进行各种自我管理行为，包括症状管理、体育活动、保持积极态度和与医疗保健提供者沟通。发现了三种自我管理水平（低、中、高）；高水平的自我管理与自我效能感和健康信息寻求行为有关。
研究结果表明，通过干预提高自我效能感和健康信息寻求行为可能会改善自我管理。本研究的结果将为该人群的未来干预措施提供信息，以改善自我管理和随后的健康结果。未来的纵向研究有必要证实所确定关系的因果关系。
