以用户为中心设计针对有复杂健康需求的青少年的体重与健康管理移动应用程序：定性研究
User-Centered Design of a Mobile App for Weight and Health Management in Adolescents With Complex Health Needs: Qualitative Study.
作者信息
Rivera Jordan, McPherson Amy C, Hamilton Jill, Birken Catherine, Coons Michael, Peters Michelle, Iyer Sindoora, George Tessy, Nguyen Cynthia, Stinson Jennifer
机构信息
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
出版信息
JMIR Form Res. 2018 Apr 4;2(1):e7. doi: 10.2196/formative.8248.
BACKGROUND
Growing research has been conducted into the deployment and evaluation of mobile technology interventions for weight management in adolescents. However, no work has yet been conducted toward the development of these technologies for adolescents with complex health needs receiving specialized tertiary-level health care.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to conduct a user-centered needs assessment of adolescents interested in weight management with complex health needs requiring specialized health care services, their parents, and health care providers (HCPs) to inform the design and development of a mobile app for weight and health management.
METHODS
A qualitative study design was employed. Participants were recruited from two tertiary health care centers. Separate audiotaped focus group interviews were conducted with adolescents aged 12 to 18 years, parents, and HCPs. Interviews were transcribed, and field notes were collected by research staff. Iterative simple content analysis was performed independently by 4 research team members using computer software NVivo (QSR International) 10.0.
RESULTS
A total of 19 adolescents, 16 parents, and 21 HCPs were interviewed. Qualitative analysis revealed seven major themes related to app functionality: healthy eating, social support, self-monitoring, communicating with HCPs, supporting mental health, gamification and incentives, and user interface (UI) design. Adolescents provided several ideas related to each feature, whereas parents' views focused on assistance with meal planning and greater access to HCPs. HCPs viewed the app as a novel and more acceptable platform to connect remotely with adolescents than conventional methods. They also strongly endorsed the value of social support capabilities and the ability to connect with an HCP.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study to conduct a qualitative needs assessment in adolescents receiving specialized health care services toward the design of a mobile app for weight and health management. Our results indicate that core components of the app should include tailored meal recommendations and assistance with meal planning, social networking for peer support, customized and convenient tracking, remote access to HCPs, features to support mental health, and an attractive and engaging UI. These findings will be used to develop and evaluate a mobile app targeting adolescents with complex health needs.
背景
针对青少年体重管理的移动技术干预措施的部署和评估，已有越来越多的研究。然而，对于有复杂健康需求且接受专科三级医疗保健的青少年，尚未开展针对这些技术的开发工作。
目的
本研究旨在对有复杂健康需求、需要专科医疗服务且对体重管理感兴趣的青少年、其父母以及医疗保健提供者（HCP）进行以用户为中心的需求评估，为一款体重与健康管理移动应用程序的设计和开发提供参考。
方法
采用定性研究设计。参与者从两个三级医疗中心招募。分别对12至18岁的青少年、父母和HCP进行了录音焦点小组访谈。访谈内容被转录，研究人员收集了现场笔记。4名研究团队成员使用计算机软件NVivo（QSR International）10.0独立进行了迭代简单内容分析。
结果
共访谈了19名青少年、16名父母和21名HCP。定性分析揭示了与应用程序功能相关的七个主要主题：健康饮食、社会支持、自我监测、与HCP沟通、支持心理健康、游戏化与激励以及用户界面（UI）设计。青少年针对每个功能提出了几个想法，而父母的观点集中在膳食计划协助和与HCP的更多联系。HCP认为该应用程序是一个新颖且比传统方法更易接受的与青少年远程连接的平台。他们还强烈认可社会支持功能的价值以及与HCP联系的能力。
结论
这是第一项针对接受专科医疗服务的青少年进行定性需求评估以设计体重与健康管理移动应用程序的研究。我们的结果表明，该应用程序的核心组件应包括量身定制的膳食建议和膳食计划协助、用于同伴支持的社交网络、定制且便捷的跟踪、远程访问HCP、支持心理健康的功能以及有吸引力且引人入胜的UI。这些发现将用于开发和评估一款针对有复杂健康需求青少年的移动应用程序。
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