Rashidian Ghasem, Lazado Carlo C, Mahboub Heba H, Mohammadi-Aloucheh Ramin, Prokić Marko D, Nada Hend S, Faggio Caterina
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor 4641776489, Iran.
Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, 1433 Ås, Norway.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 23;22(6):3270. doi: 10.3390/ijms22063270.
This study was conducted to compare the effects of commercially available (C) and green synthesized (GS) Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on immunological responses of common carp () skin mucus. GS ZnO-NPs were generated using and characterized by UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Fish ( = 150) were randomly allocated into five groups in triplicate and received a waterborne concentration of 0% (control), 25%, and 50% of LC50 96 h of commercially available (C1 and C2) and green synthesized ZnO-NPs (GS1 and GS2) for 21 days. Results from XRD displayed ZnO-NPs with 58 nm in size and UV-vis DRS, EDX, and FT-IR analysis showed that some functional groups from plant extract bonded to the surface of NPs. The SEM images showed that ZnO-NPs have conical morphology. Acute toxicity study showed a higher dose of LC50 for green synthesized ZnO-NPs (78.9 mg.L) compared to the commercial source (59.95 mg.L). The highest activity of lysozyme and alternative complement activity (ACH50) were found in control and GS1 groups. A significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) was found in C1 and C2 groups compared to other treatments. Protease activity (P) was significantly decreased in the C2 group compared to the control and GS groups. Total immunoglobulin (total Ig) content was the highest in the control. In addition, total Ig in the GS1 group was higher than GS2. The exposure to ZnO-NPs lowered total protein content in all experimental groups when compared to control. Present findings revealed lower induced immunosuppressive effects by green synthesized ZnO-NPs on key parameters of fish skin mucus.
本研究旨在比较市售（C）和绿色合成（GS）氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO-NPs）对鲤鱼皮肤黏液免疫反应的影响。采用[具体植物提取物名称]制备了GS ZnO-NPs，并通过紫外可见漫反射光谱（DRS）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散X射线光谱（EDX）对其进行了表征。将150尾鱼随机分为五组，每组三个重复，分别接受0%（对照）、25%和50%的市售（C1和C2）和绿色合成ZnO-NPs（GS1和GS2）96小时半数致死浓度（LC50）的水体浓度，持续21天。XRD结果显示ZnO-NPs尺寸为58 nm，紫外可见DRS、EDX和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析表明，植物提取物中的一些官能团与纳米颗粒表面结合。SEM图像显示ZnO-NPs具有锥形形态。急性毒性研究表明，绿色合成ZnO-NPs的LC50剂量（78.9 mg·L）高于市售来源（59.95 mg·L）。溶菌酶活性和替代补体活性（ACH50）在对照组和GS1组中最高。与其他处理组相比，C1和C2组的碱性磷酸酶活性（ALP）显著降低。与对照组和GS组相比，C2组的蛋白酶活性（P）显著降低
