Zhan Gangming, Wang Fuping, Wan Cuiping, Han Qingmei, Huang Lili, Kang Zhensheng, Chen Xianming
State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China.
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Wheat Genetics, Physiology, Quality, and Disease Research Unit, and Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6430.
Plant Dis. 2016 Jan;100(1):99-107. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-11-14-1142-RE. Epub 2015 Nov 25.
In recent years, wheat stripe rust caused severe yield losses in western China, especially the Xinjiang Autonomous Region. The population of the stripe rust fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in the vast region had not been well studied. To determine the population structure and compare it with the populations in the neighboring provinces or autonomous regions, P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates from Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, and Tibet in western China were characterized by virulence tests with 19 wheat genotypes that are used to differentiate races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici in China and by genotyping tests with 15 simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers. In total, 56 races, including 39 previously known and 17 new races, were identified from 308 isolates obtained from the three epidemiological regions covering five provinces, of which 27 previously known and 8 unknown races were detected in Xinjiang, higher than the numbers in either of the other two regions. The races in Xinjiang consisted of those historically and recently predominant races in other regions of China. The P. striiformis f. sp. tritici population in Xinjiang had a higher genetic diversity than populations in other epidemiological regions. Molecular variation among subpopulations within Xinjiang was higher than in other regions. Both virulence and molecular data indicate that the P. striiformis f. sp. tritici population in Xinjiang is related to but more diverse than those in other epidemiological regions. The results show that Xinjiang is an important stripe rust epidemiological region in China, and the information should be useful for control of the disease in the region as well as in other regions.
近年来，小麦条锈病在中国西部尤其是新疆自治区造成了严重的产量损失。广大地区的条锈病菌条形柄锈菌小麦专化型（Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici）群体尚未得到充分研究。为了确定该群体结构并与邻近省份或自治区的群体进行比较，对来自中国西部新疆、青海、甘肃、宁夏和西藏的条形柄锈菌小麦专化型分离株进行了毒力测试，使用19种小麦基因型来区分中国条形柄锈菌小麦专化型的生理小种，并通过15个简单序列重复（SSR）标记进行基因分型测试。从覆盖五个省份的三个流行区获得的308个分离株中，共鉴定出56个生理小种，包括39个先前已知的和17个新的生理小种，其中在新疆检测到27个先前已知的和8个未知的生理小种，高于其他两个地区中的任何一个。新疆的生理小种包括中国其他地区历史上和最近占主导地位的生理小种。新疆的条形柄锈菌小麦专化型群体比其他流行区的群体具有更高的遗传多样性。新疆亚群体之间的分子变异高于其他地区。毒力和分子数据均表明，新疆的条形柄锈菌小麦专化型群体与其他流行区的群体相关，但更为多样。结果表明，新疆是中国重要的条锈病流行区，这些信息对于该地区以及其他地区的病害防治应是有用的。
