Hall Stewart J, Dry Ian B, Blanchard Christopher L, Whitelaw-Weckert Melanie A
National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia 2650.
CSIRO Agriculture, Hartley Grove, Urrbrae, SA, Australia 5064.
Plant Dis. 2016 Mar;100(3):607-616. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-07-15-0806-RE. Epub 2015 Dec 19.
Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae causes extensive yield losses in wine-grape production in some Australian cool-climate vineyards. Putative P. syringae pv. syringae isolates from infected grapevines within a range of vineyards were genotyped using RNA polymerase β-subunit (rpoB) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) using primers for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapA), citrate synthase (gltA), DNA gyrase B (gyrB), and σ factor 70 (rpoD). The isolates were also evaluated for pathogenicity by inoculation of detached grapevine leaves. The isolates were grouped by MLST data into two well-supported clades, each containing a mixture of pathogenic and nonpathogenic grapevine isolates, indicating that P. syringae pv. syringae in Australian vineyards is genetically diverse. Each clade also contained P. syringae pv. syringae from nongrape hosts pathogenic to grapevine, demonstrating a lack of host specificity and possible potential for cross-infection of grape and other horticultural crops. Furthermore, the isolation of pathogenic P. syringae pv. syringae isolates from grapevine sucker shoots suggests that sucker shoots may allow overwintering of the pathogen. The vineyard quarantine status of P. syringae pv. syringae may need to be reconsidered, due to its easy dispersal through pruning equipment.
丁香假单胞菌丁香致病变种在澳大利亚一些凉爽气候的葡萄园的酿酒葡萄生产中造成了大量产量损失。使用RNA聚合酶β亚基（rpoB）对一系列葡萄园受感染葡萄藤中分离出的假定丁香假单胞菌丁香致病变种进行基因分型，并使用针对甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶（gapA）、柠檬酸合酶（gltA）、DNA促旋酶B（gyrB）和σ因子70（rpoD）的引物进行多位点序列分型（MLST）。还通过接种离体葡萄叶片对分离株的致病性进行了评估。根据MLST数据，分离株被分为两个得到充分支持的进化枝，每个进化枝都包含致病性和非致病性葡萄分离株的混合物，这表明澳大利亚葡萄园中的丁香假单胞菌丁香致病变种在遗传上具有多样性。每个进化枝还包含来自对葡萄致病的非葡萄寄主的丁香假单胞菌丁香致病变种，这表明缺乏寄主特异性以及葡萄和其他园艺作物可能存在交叉感染的可能性。此外，从葡萄吸芽中分离出致病性丁香假单胞菌丁香致病变种表明吸芽可能使病原体越冬。由于丁香假单胞菌丁香致病变种易于通过修剪设备传播，其葡萄园检疫状况可能需要重新考虑。
