Department of Prosthodontics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1153:11-17. doi: 10.1007/5584_2019_334.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder resulting from the repetitive narrowing and collapse of the upper respiratory tract. The results of previous epidemiological studies confirm a significant impact of OSA on the health situation around the world. Untreated OSA is associated with many adverse health effects, such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, and daytime sleepiness. Excessive mortality of OSA patients, especially in men under 50 years of age, associated with advanced disease, obesity, cardiovascular complications, and a greater risk of road accidents, requires an urgent extension of the diagnostic-therapeutic database dealing with this problem. It is estimated that in the adult population, OSA occurs in 4% of men and in 2% of women. In recent years, intraoral devices have become an increasingly common method of OSA and snoring treatment. Nevertheless, the use of devices producing continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) remains the most effective treatment method. However, intraoral devices have the advantage of not requiring a source of electricity and are less troublesome in everyday use. Intraoral devices are well tolerated by the majority of patients, and their therapeutic efficacy is confirmed. Since such devices become commoner, the purpose of this work was to present the procedures, indications, and recommendations involved with intraoral devices while taking into consideration a variety of dental conditions. The side effects of the use of intraoral devices and their influence on the entire stomatognathic system were also described.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）是一种睡眠障碍，由上呼吸道反复狭窄和塌陷引起。先前的流行病学研究结果证实，OSA 对全球健康状况有重大影响。未经治疗的 OSA 与许多不良健康影响有关，如高血压、冠状动脉疾病、中风、心房颤动、充血性心力衰竭和白天嗜睡。OSA 患者死亡率过高，尤其是 50 岁以下的男性，与疾病晚期、肥胖、心血管并发症以及发生道路交通事故的风险增加有关，这就需要迫切扩大与该问题相关的诊断-治疗数据库。据估计，在成年人群中，男性中有 4%患有 OSA，女性中有 2%患有 OSA。近年来，口腔内设备已成为治疗 OSA 和打鼾的一种越来越常见的方法。然而，产生持续气道正压（CPAP）的设备的使用仍然是最有效的治疗方法。然而，口腔内设备的优点是不需要电源，并且在日常使用中不太麻烦。口腔内设备大多数患者都能很好地耐受，其治疗效果也得到了证实。由于此类设备越来越常见，因此本工作的目的是介绍口腔内设备的程序、适应证和建议，并考虑到各种牙科状况。还描述了使用口腔内设备的副作用及其对整个口腔颌面部系统的影响。
