Byamukama E, Robertson A E, Nutter F W
Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007.
Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
Plant Dis. 2015 Jul;99(7):1026-1032. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-11-14-1107-RE. Epub 2015 May 22.
Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) negatively affects soybean yield and quality, yet quantitative information on effect of time of BPMV infection on soybean yield and quality has not been reported. The impact of time of BPMV infection on soybean yield, yield components, and grain quality components were quantified during the 2006 and 2007 soybean growing seasons in Iowa. Soybean quadrats (30 cm in length) were established within soybean plots ('NB3001') that consisted of six rows and were 7.5 m long. Quadrats were sampled 9 times during the 2006 growing season and 10 times during the 2007 growing season, beginning 25 days after planting in both years. Sap was extracted from leaflet samples from each quadrat and tested for the presence or absence of BPMV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The day of year (DOY) and quadrat position when BPMV was first detected within each plot were recorded and mapped. Soybean yield, number of pods per plant, number of seed per pod, and 100-seed weight for each quadrat were determined. The relationship between time (DOY) of BPMV infection and soybean yield, soybean yield components, and soybean grain quality were then quantified using linear regression. DOY of BPMV infection within quadrats explained 89.7 and 57.9% of the variation in soybean grain yield in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Soybean yield damage functions (slopes) were 15.2 and 8.1 kg/ha per day, respectively, indicating that, for each day that BPMV infection was delayed, soybean yield increased by 15.2 kg/ha in 2006 and 8.1 kg/ha in 2007. The number of pods per plant increased by 0.15 pods for each day that BPMV infection was delayed (R = 72.8%) in 2006 but there was no relationship in 2007. The 100-seed weight had a significant linear relationship with the DOY when BPMV was first detected within quadrats in 2006 (slope = 0.013, R = 86.3%) but not in 2007. The percentage of mottled seed in 2006 decreased by 1% for each day that BPMV infection was delayed in 2006 (R = 87.4%). Both protein and oil content were affected by the DOY that BPMV was first detected within quadrats in 2006 but not in 2007. This study demonstrated that time of BPMV infection can negatively affect soybean yield, yield components, and grain quality components when BPMV disease risk is high.
菜豆斑驳病毒（BPMV）会对大豆产量和品质产生负面影响，但关于BPMV感染时间对大豆产量和品质影响的定量信息尚未见报道。在爱荷华州2006年和2007年大豆生长季期间，对BPMV感染时间对大豆产量、产量构成因素及籽粒品质成分的影响进行了量化。在由6行、行长7.5米的大豆田块（‘NB3001’）内设置了大豆样方（长30厘米）。在2006年生长季对样方进行了9次采样，在2007年生长季进行了10次采样，两年均在播种后25天开始。从每个样方的小叶样本中提取汁液，通过酶联免疫吸附测定法检测是否存在BPMV。记录并绘制每个田块首次检测到BPMV的日期（DOY）和样方位置。测定每个样方的大豆产量、单株荚数、每荚粒数和百粒重。然后使用线性回归量化BPMV感染时间（DOY）与大豆产量、大豆产量构成因素及大豆籽粒品质之间的关系。样方内BPMV感染的DOY分别解释了2006年和2007年大豆籽粒产量变异的89.7%和57.9%。大豆产量损失函数（斜率）分别为每天15.2和8.1千克/公顷，这表明，BPMV感染每延迟一天，2006年大豆产量增加15.2千克/公顷，2007年增加8.1千克/公顷。2006年BPMV感染每延迟一天，单株荚数增加0.15个（R = 72.8%），但2007年无此关系。2006年百粒重与样方内首次检测到BPMV的DOY有显著线性关系（斜率 = 0.013，R = 86.3%），但2007年没有。2006年BPMV感染每延迟一天，斑驳籽粒百分比下降1%（R = 87.4%）。2006年蛋白质和油含量均受样方内首次检测到BPMV日期的影响，但2007年不受影响。本研究表明，当BPMV病害风险较高时，BPMV感染时间会对大豆产量、产量构成因素及籽粒品质成分产生负面影响。
