Sikora E J, Murphy J F
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.
Plant Dis. 2005 Jan;89(1):108. doi: 10.1094/PD-89-0108B.
During October 2003, soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) plants showing symptoms of delayed maturity of stems, or green stem, were observed in a soybean cultivar trial on Dee River Ranch in Pickens County, Alabama. Symptoms were characteristic of those caused by Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV). BPMV infections have been identified in other southern states, including Arkansas, Louisiana, and neighboring Mississippi, but had not yet been identified in Alabama (1,2,3). In this study, a cultivar trial was established as a nonreplicated strip test to evaluate the performance of nongenetically modified soybean cultivars in high-pH soils. The trial consisted of 12 maturity group V cultivars planted side by side in 24-row plots approximately 1 km long. The cultivars consisted of Anand, Asgrow 5547, Asgrow 5944, Delta King 5995, Deltapine 4748, Deltapine 5110, Deltapine 5989, Essex, Hutcheson, Pioneer 9594, Pioneer 9597, and USG5601T. During the season, a known vector of BPMV, the bean leaf beetle (Cerotoma trifurcate Forster), was identified in the plots (4). On 10 October, the majority of plants in the trial had senesced; however, it was observed that plants of 6 of the 12 cultivars were showing symptoms of green stem typical of BPMV infection. A visual assessment was taken to determine incidence of green stem for Asgrow 5547, Delta King 5995, Deltapine 5110, Deltapine 5989, Pioneer 9594, and USG5601T. Incidence between 1 and 5% was observed for Delta King 5995, Deltapine 5989, and Pioneer 9594. Incidence of less than 1% was observed for Asgrow 5547, Deltapine 5110, and USG5601T. Twenty soybean plants showing symptoms of green stem and retaining green leaves were sampled from each of the six cultivars by collecting one trifoliate leaf near the top of the plant. All samples were tested for BPMV using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) according to the manufacturer's instructions (Agdia, Inc., Elkart, IN). BPMV was detected in 30% of Deltapine 5989, 10% of Delta King 5995, and 45% of Pioneer 9594 plants. BPMV was not detected in Asgrow 5547, Deltapine 5110, and USG5601T. Ten of the samples shown to be infected with BPMV using DAS-ELISA were mechanically transferred to soybean seedlings in the greenhouse. These plants developed systemic mottle symptoms typical of those caused by BPMV and tested positive for the virus BPMV using DAS-ELISA. To our knowledge, this is the first report of BPMV in Alabama. References: (1) N. S. Horn et al. LA. Agric. 13:12, 1970. (2) H. N. Pitre et al. Plant Dis. Rep. 63:419, 1979. (3) J. P. Ross. Plant Dis. Rep. 47:1049, 1963. (4) H. J. Walters. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 48:346, 1958.
2003年10月期间，在阿拉巴马州皮肯斯县迪伊河牧场的一个大豆品种试验中，观察到大豆（Glycine max (L.) Merr.）植株出现茎成熟延迟症状，即绿茎症状。这些症状是由菜豆荚斑驳病毒（BPMV）引起的典型症状。在包括阿肯色州、路易斯安那州以及邻近的密西西比州在内的其他南部州已发现BPMV感染，但在阿拉巴马州尚未发现（参考文献1、2、3）。在本研究中，设立了一个品种试验作为非重复条带试验，以评估非转基因大豆品种在高pH值土壤中的表现。该试验由12个V熟期组品种组成，并在约1公里长的24行小区中并排种植。这些品种包括阿南德、阿斯格罗5547、阿斯格罗5944、三角洲之王5995、三角洲松4748、三角洲松5110、三角洲松5989、埃塞克斯、哈奇森、先锋9594、先锋9597和USG5601T。在生长季节，在试验小区中发现了已知的BPMV传播媒介——菜豆叶甲（Cerotoma trifurcate Forster）（参考文献4）。10月10日，试验中的大多数植株已经衰老；然而，观察到12个品种中的6个品种的植株出现了典型的BPMV感染绿茎症状。对阿斯格罗5547、三角洲之王5995、三角洲松5110、三角洲松5989、先锋9594和USG5601T进行了绿茎发病率的目测评估。三角洲之王5995、三角洲松5989和先锋9594的发病率在1%至5%之间。阿斯格罗5547、三角洲松5110和USG5601T的发病率低于1%。从这六个品种中各采集20株表现出绿茎症状且保留绿叶的大豆植株，在植株顶部附近采集一片三出复叶进行采样。根据制造商的说明（Agdia公司，印第安纳州埃尔克哈特），使用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附测定（DAS - ELISA）对所有样品进行BPMV检测。在三角洲松5989的30%植株、三角洲之王5995的10%植株和先锋9594的45%植株中检测到BPMV。在阿斯格罗5547、三角洲松5110和USG5601T中未检测到BPMV。使用DAS - ELISA检测显示感染BPMV的10个样品被机械接种到温室中的大豆幼苗上。这些植株出现了典型的由BPMV引起的系统斑驳症状，并且使用DAS - ELISA检测该病毒BPMV呈阳性。据我们所知，这是BPMV在阿拉巴马州的首次报道。参考文献：（1）N. S. Horn等人，《LA. Agric.》13:12，1970年。（2）H. N. Pitre等人，《植物病害报告》63:419，1979年。（3）J. P. Ross，《植物病害报告》47:1049，1963年。（4）H. J. Walters，（摘要）《植物病理学》48:346，1958年。
