Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
Psychosomatics. 2019 Mar-Apr;60(2):153-163. doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2018.12.007. Epub 2018 Dec 21.
(1) To explore stressors affecting midlife adults and understand their impact on health behaviors and the development of chronic medical conditions; (2) To identify midlife-specific interventions that mitigate the impact of stressors on the health of this population.
We searched the PubMed database from inception to December 2017 using the search terms [mid-life] and [midlife] paired with related behaviors and conditions. Eligible articles provided data on: (1) sources of stress and effects on health behaviors, (2) development of chronic medical conditions, or (3) midlife interventions targeting health-related stressors or behaviors. We also reviewed the references of articles found in the initial search to identify additional articles. We included studies not focused on midlife for comparison.
This review revealed that interpersonal stress (e.g., caregiving and loneliness), occupational stress, and financial stress are highly prevalent in midlife and have a substantial impact on the health and health behaviors of this population. Many of these stressors converge, intensifying associated distress and health impact. Although not always targeted specifically to this population, interventions focused on diminishing these stressors have showed promising results, particularly group interventions and those focused on positive psychological well-being and mindfulness.
Midlife is a large and growing population at high risk for chronic medical conditions. Specific stressors during this period are negatively associated with health outcomes. Further research is needed on midlife-specific interventions focused on mitigating these stressors, as such interventions have the potential to improve quality of life and promote health in this significant and vulnerable segment of society.
（1）探讨影响中年人的压力源，了解其对健康行为和慢性疾病发展的影响；（2）确定减轻压力源对该人群健康影响的中年特有的干预措施。
我们使用术语[mid-life]和[midlife]与相关行为和状况配对，从 2017 年 12 月起在 PubMed 数据库中进行搜索。合格的文章提供了以下方面的数据：（1）压力源及其对健康行为的影响，（2）慢性疾病的发展，或（3）针对与健康相关的压力源或行为的中年干预措施。我们还回顾了初始搜索中找到的文章的参考文献，以确定其他文章。我们纳入了未专门针对中年的研究进行比较。
本综述表明，人际关系压力（例如，照顾和孤独）、职业压力和经济压力在中年时期非常普遍，对这一人群的健康和健康行为有重大影响。这些压力源中的许多相互作用，加剧了相关的痛苦和健康影响。尽管这些干预措施并不总是专门针对这一人群，但针对这些压力源的干预措施已经显示出了有希望的结果，特别是针对小组的干预措施和那些专注于积极心理健康和正念的干预措施。
中年是一个庞大且不断增长的人群，患有慢性疾病的风险很高。这一时期的特定压力源与健康结果呈负相关。需要进一步研究针对这些压力源的中年特有的干预措施，因为这些干预措施有可能改善这一重要和脆弱社会群体的生活质量和促进健康。
