Mata-Quirós Allan, Arciniegas-Leal Adriana, Phillips-Mora Wilbert, Meinhardt Lyndel W, Motilal Lambert, Mischke Sue, Zhang Dapeng
Programa de Mejoramiento Genético de Cacao, CATIE 7170, Turrialba 30501, Costa Rica.
USDA-ARS BARC, SPCL, Rm 223 Bldg 001 BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
Breed Sci. 2018 Dec;68(5):545-553. doi: 10.1270/jsbbs.18057. Epub 2018 Dec 1.
The international cacao collection in CATIE, Costa Rica contains nearly 1200 accessions of cacao, mainly from the center of genetic diversity of this species. Among these accessions, the United Fruit clones (UF clones) were developed by the United Fruit Company in Costa Rica, and they represent one of the earliest groups of improved cacao germplasm in the world. Some of these UF clones have been used as key progenitors for breeding resistance/tolerance to Frosty Pod and Black Pod diseases in the Americas. Accurate information on the identity and background of these clones is important for their effective use in breeding. Using Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers, we genotyped 273 cacao germplasm accessions including 44 UF clones and 229 reference accessions. We verified the true-to-type identity of UF clones in the CATIE cacao collection and analyzed their population memberships using maximum-likelihood-based approaches. Three duplicate groups, representing approximately 30% of the UF clones, were identified. Both distance- and model-based clustering methods showed that the UF clones were mainly composed of Trinitario, ancient Nacional and hybrids between ancient Nacional and Amelonado. This result filled the information gap about the UF clones thus will improve their utilization for cacao breeding.
位于哥斯达黎加的热带农业研究与高等教育中心（CATIE）的国际可可种质库收藏了近1200份可可种质，主要来自该物种的遗传多样性中心。在这些种质中，联合果品公司（United Fruit Company）在哥斯达黎加培育了联合果品克隆（UF克隆），它们是世界上最早的一批改良可可种质。其中一些UF克隆已被用作美洲培育对霜霉果病和黑果病具有抗性/耐受性品种的关键亲本。准确了解这些克隆的身份和背景信息对于它们在育种中的有效利用至关重要。利用单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记，我们对273份可可种质进行了基因分型，其中包括44个UF克隆和229份参考种质。我们验证了CATIE可可种质库中UF克隆的真实身份，并使用基于最大似然法的方法分析了它们的群体归属。鉴定出三个重复组，约占UF克隆的30%。基于距离和模型的聚类方法均表明，UF克隆主要由特立尼达、古老的 Nacional 以及古老的 Nacional 与阿梅洛纳多之间的杂交种组成。这一结果填补了关于UF克隆的信息空白，从而将提高它们在可可育种中的利用价值。
