Rupp Greg, Berka Chris, Meghdadi Amir H, Karić Marija Stevanović, Casillas Marc, Smith Stephanie, Rosenthal Theodore, McShea Kevin, Sones Emily, Marcotte Thomas D
Advanced Brain Monitoring Inc., Carlsbad, CA, United States.
Systems Technology, Inc., Hawthorne, CA, United States.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2019 Jan 15;12:532. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00532. eCollection 2018.
The number of older drivers is steadily increasing, and advancing age is associated with a high rate of automobile crashes and fatalities. This can be attributed to a combination of factors including decline in sensory, motor, and cognitive functions due to natural aging or neurodegenerative diseases such as HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND). Current clinical assessment methods only modestly predict impaired driving. Thus, there is a need for inexpensive and scalable tools to predict on-road driving performance. In this study EEG was acquired from 39 HIV+ patients and 63 healthy participants (HP) during: 3-Choice-Vigilance Task (3CVT), a 30-min driving simulator session, and a 12-mile on-road driving evaluation. Based on driving performance, a designation of Good/Poor (simulator) and Safe/Unsafe (on-road drive) was assigned to each participant. Event-related potentials (ERPs) obtained during 3CVT showed increased amplitude of the P200 component was associated with bad driving performance both during the on-road and simulated drive. This P200 effect was consistent across the HP and HIV+ groups, particularly over the left frontal-central region. Decreased amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP) during 3CVT, particularly over the left frontal regions, was associated with bad driving performance in the simulator. These EEG ERP metrics were shown to be associated with driving performance across participants independent of HIV status. During the on-road evaluation, Unsafe drivers exhibited higher EEG alpha power compared to Safe drivers. The results of this study are 2-fold. First, they demonstrate that high-quality EEG can be inexpensively and easily acquired during simulated and on-road driving assessments. Secondly, EEG metrics acquired during a sustained attention task (3CVT) are associated with driving performance, and these metrics could potentially be used to assess whether an individual has the cognitive skills necessary for safe driving.
老年驾驶员的数量在稳步增加，而年龄的增长与汽车碰撞事故和死亡率的高发生率相关。这可归因于多种因素的综合作用，包括自然衰老或神经退行性疾病（如与HIV相关的神经认知障碍（HAND））导致的感觉、运动和认知功能下降。当前的临床评估方法只能适度预测驾驶能力受损情况。因此，需要廉价且可扩展的工具来预测道路驾驶性能。在本研究中，在3选警觉任务（3CVT）、30分钟的驾驶模拟器测试以及12英里的道路驾驶评估期间，从39名HIV阳性患者和63名健康参与者（HP）身上采集了脑电图（EEG）。根据驾驶表现，为每位参与者指定了良好/不佳（模拟器）和安全/不安全（道路驾驶）的评定。在3CVT期间获得的事件相关电位（ERP）显示，P200成分的振幅增加与道路驾驶和模拟驾驶期间的不良驾驶表现相关。这种P200效应在HP组和HIV阳性组中是一致的，尤其是在左额中央区域。在3CVT期间晚期正电位（LPP）的振幅降低，特别是在左额区域，与模拟器中的不良驾驶表现相关。这些EEG ERP指标显示与参与者的驾驶表现相关，与HIV状态无关。在道路评估期间，不安全驾驶员与安全驾驶员相比表现出更高的EEG阿尔法功率。本研究的结果有两方面。首先，它们表明在模拟和道路驾驶评估期间可以廉价且轻松地获取高质量的EEG。其次，在持续注意力任务（3CVT）期间获得的EEG指标与驾驶表现相关，这些指标可能潜在地用于评估个体是否具备安全驾驶所需的认知技能。
