Daneshvar Hamid, Tavakoli Kareshk Amir, Sharifi Iraj, Keyhani Alireza, Tavakoli Oliaee Razieh, Asadi Arash
Dept. of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Infectious Disease Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
Iran J Parasitol. 2018 Oct-Dec;13(4):515-523.
Different background of immunity responses determine resistance or susceptibility of certain mouse strains to infection. Some have been well known previously. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as cathelicidins and defensins are unique fragments of innate immunity system with well-known effects against the invasion pathogens. Despite their outstanding roles and being of extensive cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by , they have been less studied in fields. The aim of present study was to determine whether these components play a role in the protection of skin against infections.
The animal model of infection was established by the subcutaneous inoculation of 5×10(parasites/ml) from the stationary phase of promastigotes to BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice from January 2016 to August 2016 in Kerman Province, southeast of Iran. After 1, 3 and 7 d of post-infection (PI), the samples needed for detecting of the mRNA levels of mouse beta-defensin (mBD)-1, mBD2, mBD3, mBD4, mBD6, cathlin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP), interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12 and parasite load were taken under standard methods.
The findings related to cytokines profiles in BALB/c (↑IL-10, ↓IL-12) and C57BL/6 mouse strains (↓IL-10, ↑IL-12) demonstrated that immunity system has been accurately activated during CL caused by parasites. We also observed a significant up-regulation of all aforementioned AMPs genes in BALB/c mice at selected times compared to another strain.
CL occurred in BALB/c mice in spite of the fact that the expression of AMPs was higher than the other strain. AMPs genes are well expressed to provide defense against the parasites that have increased and escaped from immunity system but cannot create an absolute protection.
不同的免疫反应背景决定了某些小鼠品系对感染的抵抗力或易感性。其中一些以前已为人所知。抗菌肽（AMPs），如cathelicidins和防御素，是先天免疫系统的独特片段，对入侵病原体具有众所周知的作用。尽管它们发挥着重要作用，且在由[病原体名称未给出]引起的广泛皮肤利什曼病（CL）病例中存在，但在[相关领域未明确]领域的研究较少。本研究的目的是确定这些成分是否在保护皮肤免受[病原体名称未给出]感染中发挥作用。
2016年1月至2016年8月在伊朗东南部克尔曼省，通过将处于前鞭毛体静止期的5×10（寄生虫/毫升）皮下接种到BALB/c和C57BL/6小鼠中，建立[病原体名称未给出]感染的动物模型。在感染后（PI）1、3和7天，按照标准方法采集用于检测小鼠β-防御素（mBD）-1、mBD2、mBD3、mBD4、mBD6、cathelicidin相关抗菌肽（CRAMP）、白细胞介素（IL）-10、IL-12的mRNA水平以及寄生虫载量所需的样本。
与BALB/c（IL-10升高，IL-12降低）和C57BL/6小鼠品系（IL-10降低，IL-12升高）的细胞因子谱相关的研究结果表明，在由[病原体名称未给出]寄生虫引起的CL过程中，免疫系统已被准确激活。我们还观察到，与另一品系相比，在选定时间BALB/c小鼠中所有上述AMPs基因均有显著上调。
尽管AMPs的表达高于另一品系，但BALB/c小鼠仍发生了CL。AMPs基因表达良好，可提供针对已增加并从免疫系统逃逸的寄生虫的防御，但不能产生绝对保护。
