Adkins Yuriko, Laugero Kevin D, Mackey Bruce, Kelley Darshan S
Western Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Western Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, Albany, CA 94710, USA.
Lipids. 2019 Jan;54(1):25-37. doi: 10.1002/lipd.12115. Epub 2019 Jan 29.
Recent studies suggest that dietary krill oil leads to higher omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) tissue accretion compared to fish oil because the former is rich in n-3 PUFA esterified as phospholipids (PL), while n-3 PUFA in fish oil are primarily esterified as triacylglycerols (TAG). Tissue accretion of the same dietary concentrations of PL- and TAG-docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) (DHA) has not been compared and was the focus of this study. Mice (n = 12/group) were fed either a control diet or one of six DHA (1%, 2%, or 4%) as PL-DHA or TAG-DHA diets for 4 weeks. Compared with the control, DHA concentration in liver, adipose tissue (AT), heart, and eye, but not brain, were significantly higher in mice consuming either PL- or TAG-DHA, but there was no difference in DHA concentration in all tissues between the PL- or TAG-DHA forms. Consumption of PL- and TAG-DHA at all concentrations significantly elevated eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) (EPA) in all tissues when compared with the control group, while docoshexapentaenoic acid (22:5n-6) (DPA) was significantly higher in all tissues except for the eye and heart. Both DHA forms lowered total omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) in all tissues and total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in the liver and AT; total saturated fatty acid (SFA) were lowered in the liver but elevated in the AT. An increase in the DHA dose, independent of DHA forms, significantly lowered n-6 PUFA and significantly elevated n-3 PUFA concentration in all tissues. Our results do not support the claim that the PL form of n-3 PUFA leads to higher n-3 PUFA tissue accretion than their TAG form.
近期研究表明，与鱼油相比，食用磷虾油能使ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 PUFA）在组织中的蓄积量更高，因为前者富含以磷脂（PL）形式酯化的n-3 PUFA，而鱼油中的n-3 PUFA主要以三酰甘油（TAG）形式酯化。本研究的重点是比较相同膳食浓度的PL-和TAG-二十二碳六烯酸（22:6n-3）（DHA）在组织中的蓄积情况。将小鼠（每组n = 12）分为对照组或六种DHA（1%、2%或4%）饮食组之一，其中DHA分别为PL-DHA或TAG-DHA饮食，持续喂养4周。与对照组相比，食用PL-DHA或TAG-DHA的小鼠肝脏、脂肪组织（AT）、心脏和眼睛（而非大脑）中的DHA浓度显著更高，但PL-或TAG-DHA形式的所有组织中DHA浓度没有差异。与对照组相比，所有浓度的PL-和TAG-DHA摄入均显著提高了所有组织中的二十碳五烯酸（20:5n-3）（EPA），而除眼睛和心脏外，所有组织中的二十二碳五烯酸（22:5n-6）（DPA）显著更高。两种DHA形式均降低了所有组织中的总ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸（n-6 PUFA）以及肝脏和AT中的总单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）；肝脏中的总饱和脂肪酸（SFA）降低，但AT中的升高。无论DHA形式如何，增加DHA剂量均显著降低所有组织中的n-6 PUFA并显著提高n-3 PUFA浓度。我们的结果不支持n-3 PUFA的PL形式比其TAG形式导致更高的n-3 PUFA组织蓄积量这一说法。
