Kagan Michael L, Levy Aharon, Leikin-Frenkel Alicia
Qualitas Health Ltd, 19 Hartom Street, P.O. Box 45423, Jerusalem 91450, Israel.
Food Funct. 2015 Jan;6(1):186-92. doi: 10.1039/c4fo00591k. Epub 2014 Oct 31.
Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) exert health benefits which are dependent upon their incorporation into blood, cells and tissues. Plasma and tissue deposition of LC n-3 PUFA from oils extracted from the micro-algae Nannochloropsis oculata and from krill were compared in rats. The algal oil provides eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) partly conjugated (15%) to phospholipids and glycolipids but no docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), whereas krill oil provides both EPA and DHA conjugated in part (40%) to phospholipids. Rats fed a standard diet received either krill oil or polar-lipid rich algal oil by gavage daily for 7 days (5 ml oil per kg body weight each day). Fatty acid concentrations were analyzed in plasma, brain and liver, and two adipose depots since these represent transport, functional and storage pools of fatty acids, respectively. When measuring total LC n-3 PUFA (sum of EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and DHA), there was no statistically significant difference between the algal oil and krill oil for plasma, brain, liver and gonadal adipose tissue. Concentrations of LC n-3 PUFA were higher in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue from the algal oil group. Tissue uptake of LC n-3 PUFA from an algal oil containing 15% polar lipids (glycolipids and phospholipids) was found to be equivalent to krill oil containing 40% phospholipids. This may be due to glycolipids forming smaller micelles during ingestive hydrolysis than phospholipids. Ingestion of fatty acids with glycolipids may improve bioavailability, but this needs to be further explored.
长链ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（LC n-3 PUFA）发挥的健康益处取决于它们融入血液、细胞和组织的情况。在大鼠中比较了从微藻眼点拟微绿球藻和磷虾中提取的油中LC n-3 PUFA的血浆和组织沉积情况。藻油提供部分与磷脂和糖脂结合（15%）的二十碳五烯酸（EPA），但不含二十二碳六烯酸（DHA），而磷虾油提供部分与磷脂结合（40%）的EPA和DHA。喂食标准饮食的大鼠每天通过灌胃接受磷虾油或富含极性脂质的藻油，持续7天（每天每千克体重5毫升油）。分析了血浆、脑、肝脏以及两个脂肪储存部位的脂肪酸浓度，因为这些分别代表脂肪酸的运输、功能和储存库。在测量总LC n-3 PUFA（EPA、二十二碳五烯酸（DPA）和DHA的总和）时，藻油和磷虾油在血浆、脑、肝脏和性腺脂肪组织方面没有统计学上的显著差异。藻油组的腹膜后脂肪组织中LC n-3 PUFA的浓度更高。发现从含有15%极性脂质（糖脂和磷脂）的藻油中摄取LC n-3 PUFA的组织量与含有40%磷脂的磷虾油相当。这可能是由于糖脂在摄入水解过程中形成的胶束比磷脂小。与糖脂一起摄入脂肪酸可能会提高生物利用度，但这需要进一步探索。
