Singhal Manphool, Gupta Pankaj, Sharma Aman
Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Int J Rheum Dis. 2019 Jan;22 Suppl 1:78-85. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.13390.
Vasculitis includes a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the vessel wall and classified based on the diameter of the predominantly involved vessels. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and Henoch-Schonlein purpura are the important entities in the small vessel vasculitis group, while polyarteritis nodosa and Kawasaki disease represent the medium vessel vasculitis group. The clinical manifestations may be non-specific and there may be considerable overlap with the other disorders. Imaging plays an important role in diagnosis as well as the management of patients with small and medium vessel vasculitis. Imaging allows direct evaluation of the arteries in medium vessel vasculitis. However, the involved vessels in small vessel vasculitis are smaller than the resolution of the current imaging techniques. Hence, only the end organ changes secondary to involvement of small vessels are examined. In this review we discuss the role of current imaging modalities (predominantly computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) as well as individual disease entities in the groups of small and medium vessel vasculitis.
血管炎包括一组以血管壁炎症为特征的疾病，根据主要受累血管的直径进行分类。肉芽肿性多血管炎、显微镜下多血管炎、嗜酸性肉芽肿性多血管炎和过敏性紫癜是小血管血管炎组中的重要类型，而结节性多动脉炎和川崎病则代表中血管血管炎组。其临床表现可能不具有特异性，并且可能与其他疾病有相当大的重叠。影像学在中小血管血管炎患者的诊断和管理中都起着重要作用。影像学可以直接评估中血管血管炎中的动脉。然而，小血管血管炎中受累的血管小于当前成像技术的分辨率。因此，仅检查小血管受累继发的终末器官变化。在本综述中，我们讨论了当前成像方式（主要是计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像）以及中小血管血管炎组中各个疾病实体的作用。
