1 Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
2 Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, USA.
J Health Soc Behav. 2019 Mar;60(1):101-118. doi: 10.1177/0022146519825749. Epub 2019 Jan 30.
This study leverages multiple measures of gender from a US national online survey (N = 1,508) to better assess how gender is related to self-rated health. In contrast to research linking feminine behaviors with good health and masculine behaviors with poor health, we find that masculinity is associated with better self-rated health for cisgender men, whereas femininity is associated with better self-rated health for cisgender women. The patterns are similar whether we consider self-identification or how people feel others perceive their gender, though reflected appraisals are most strongly associated with health for cisgender women. We also find that people who report they are seen as gender nonconforming report worse health, but only when this perception does not match their gender identification. Our results demonstrate that multiple measures of gender allow researchers to disentangle how health is not only shaped by gender enactments but also shapes perceptions of gender and gender difference.
本研究利用来自美国全国在线调查（N=1508）的多项性别衡量指标，更好地评估性别与自我报告健康之间的关系。与将女性化行为与良好健康联系起来，将男性化行为与健康不良联系起来的研究相反，我们发现男性化与顺性别男性的自我报告健康状况较好相关，而女性化与顺性别女性的自我报告健康状况较好相关。无论我们考虑自我认同还是人们对他人如何感知自己的性别，这些模式都是相似的，尽管反映性评价与顺性别女性的健康状况最密切相关。我们还发现，那些报告说自己被视为性别不一致的人报告说健康状况更差，但只有当这种看法与他们的性别认同不相符时才会如此。我们的研究结果表明，多种性别衡量指标使研究人员能够理清健康不仅受到性别表现的影响，而且还受到性别和性别差异的看法的影响。
