Holmes Gerald J, Ojiambo Peter S, Hausbeck Mary K, Quesada-Ocampo Lina, Keinath Anthony P
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo 93407.
North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695.
Plant Dis. 2015 Apr;99(4):428-441. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-09-14-0990-FE.
In 2004, an outbreak of cucurbit downy mildew (CDM) caused by the oomycete Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Rostovzev resulted in an epidemic that stunned the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) industry in the eastern United States. The disease affects all major cucurbit crops, including cucumber, muskmelon, squashes, and watermelon. Although the 2004 epidemic began in North Carolina, the cucumber crop from Florida to the northern growing regions in the United States was devastated, resulting in complete crop loss in several areas. Many cucumber fields were abandoned prior to harvest. The rapid spread of the disease coupled with the failure of fungicide control programs surprised growers, crop consultants, and extension specialists. The epidemic raised several fundamental questions about the potential causes for the resurgence of the disease. Some of these questions revolved around whether the epidemic would recur in subsequent years and the possible roles that changes in the host, pathogen, and environment may have played in the epidemic.
2004年，由卵菌瓜类霜霉病菌（Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Rostovzev）引起的瓜类霜霉病（CDM）爆发，导致了一场疫情，震惊了美国东部的黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）产业。这种病害影响所有主要的瓜类作物，包括黄瓜、甜瓜、南瓜和西瓜。尽管2004年的疫情始于北卡罗来纳州，但从佛罗里达州到美国北部种植区的黄瓜作物都遭到了重创，导致几个地区的作物完全绝收。许多黄瓜田在收获前就被荒废了。病害的迅速传播以及杀菌剂防治计划的失败让种植者、作物顾问和推广专家感到惊讶。这场疫情引发了几个关于该病害再次流行潜在原因的基本问题。其中一些问题围绕着疫情在随后几年是否会再次发生，以及寄主、病原体和环境的变化在疫情中可能扮演的角色。
