Genotypes and Phenotypic Characterization of Field Fusarium asiaticum Isolates Resistant to Carbendazim in Anhui Province of China.

Fusarium asiaticum is a causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat in the southern part of China. Carbendazim has been extensively used for controlling FHB for more than 30 years, leading to the widespread carbendazim-resistant isolates in all major wheat-producing provinces in China, especially in Anhui Province. F. asiaticum isolates were collected throughout Anhui Province between 2010 and 2012 to monitor their sensitivity to carbendazim. In total, 74 of 899 single-spore isolates F. asiaticum were found to be resistant to carbendazim. Resistant isolates were collected from all of the sampled sites except Hefei of Anhui Province. The overall frequency of carbendazim resistance was shown to be 8.2%. Of the 74 isolates, 1, 68, and 5 had low resistance (LR), moderate resistance (MR) ,and high resistance (HR), respectively, to carbendazim. Five types of point mutations (F167Y, E198L, E198K, F200Y, and E198Q) in the β-tubulin gene conferring resistance to carbendazim were detected in the field-resistant isolates with frequencies of 89.2, 2.7, 4.1, 2.7, and 1.4%, respectively. The point mutations at codon 167, 198, or 200 of the β-tubulin gene were correlated with different levels of carbendazim resistance. Some of the sensitive and resistant isolates appeared to possess different biological characteristics; however, these might not be due to resistance. Because carbendazim resistance was generally widespread throughout Anhui Province, the sensitivity of F. asiaticum populations to carbendazim should be constantly monitored for the development of carbendazim resistance in natural populations.