Chen Yu, Zhang Ai-Fang, Gao Tong-Chun, Zhang Yong, Wang Wen-Xiang, Ding Ke-Jian, Chen Li, Sun Zhong, Fang Xin-Zhou, Zhou Ming-Guo
Institute of Plant Protection, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
Plant Dis. 2012 Oct;96(10):1495-1500. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-01-12-0099-RE.
Fusarium asiaticum and F. graminearum are the primary causal agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat in China. Carbendazim (a benzimadazole fungicide, MBC), has been extensively used for the control of FHB, resulting in severe MBC resistance in China. This article presents the baseline sensitivity of F. asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates from Anhui Province of China to fungicides pyraclostrobin (a quinone outside inhibitor) and epoxiconazole (a sterol demethylation inhibitor). In the presence of salicylhydroxamic acid, the 50% effective concentration (EC) values for pyraclostrobin in inhibiting mycelial growth of the 126 F. asiaticum isolates and 63 F. graminearum isolates were 0.012 to 0.135 μg/ml and 0.010 to 0.105 μg/ml, and the EC values for pyraclostrobin in inhibiting conidium germination of the F. asiaticum and F. graminearum populations were 0.047 to 0.291 and 0.042 to 0.255 μg/ml, respectively. The EC values for epoxiconazole in inhibiting mycelial growth of the F. asiaticum and F. graminearum populations were 0.12 to 0.95 and 0.16 to 0.93 μg/ml, respectively. All of the baseline sensitivity curves were unimodal. This study also suggested that there was no cross-resistance between MBC and pyraclostrobin or epoxiconazole. In the protective and curative tests, pyraclostrobin and epoxiconazole applied at 200 and 300 μg/ml exhibited over 75% protective and curative control efficacy in all treatments. In field trials, both pyraclostrobin and epoxiconazole at 225 g a.i./ha provided over 80% efficacy in 2010 and 2011 at both sites where MBC resistance occurred, suggesting excellent activity against FHB. Interestingly, integrated use of pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole applied at 150 + 150 g a.i./ha provided over 85% efficacy at both sites in 2010 and 2011. Pyraclostrobin and epoxiconazole should be good alternatives to MBC for the control of FHB, and integrated use of these two fungicides might achieve greater efficacy.
亚洲镰孢菌和禾谷镰孢菌是中国小麦赤霉病的主要病原菌。多菌灵（一种苯并咪唑类杀菌剂，MBC）已被广泛用于防治小麦赤霉病，导致中国的病原菌对多菌灵产生了严重抗性。本文介绍了从中国安徽省分离得到的亚洲镰孢菌和禾谷镰孢菌对杀菌剂吡唑醚菌酯（一种醌外抑制剂）和戊唑醇（一种甾醇脱甲基抑制剂）的敏感性基线。在水杨羟肟酸存在的情况下，吡唑醚菌酯对126株亚洲镰孢菌和63株禾谷镰孢菌菌丝生长抑制的50%有效浓度（EC）值分别为0.012至0.135μg/ml和0.010至0.105μg/ml，对亚洲镰孢菌和禾谷镰孢菌分生孢子萌发抑制的EC值分别为0.047至0.291μg/ml和0.042至0.255μg/ml。戊唑醇对亚洲镰孢菌和禾谷镰孢菌菌丝生长抑制的EC值分别为0.12至0.95μg/ml和0.16至0.93μg/ml。所有的敏感性基线曲线均为单峰。该研究还表明，多菌灵与吡唑醚菌酯或戊唑醇之间不存在交互抗性。在保护性和治疗性试验中，吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇以200和300μg/ml的剂量施用时，在所有处理中均表现出超过75%的保护和治疗防效。在田间试验中，吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇以225g a.i./ha的剂量在2010年和2011年对两个出现多菌灵抗性的地点均提供了超过80%的防效，表明对小麦赤霉病具有优异的活性。有趣的是，吡唑醚菌酯+戊唑醇以150 + 150g a.i./ha混合施用在2010年和2011年对两个地点均提供了超过85%的防效。吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇应是防治小麦赤霉病替代多菌灵的良好药剂，两种杀菌剂混合使用可能会取得更好的防效。
