CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China.
CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Adv Mater. 2019 Nov;31(45):e1805391. doi: 10.1002/adma.201805391. Epub 2019 Jan 30.
The marriage of nanotechnology and medicine offers new opportunities to fight against human diseases. Benefiting from their unique optical, thermal, magnetic, or redox properties, a wide range of nanomaterials have shown potential in applications such as diagnosis, drug delivery, or tissue repair and regeneration. Despite the considerable success achieved over the past decades, the newly emerging nanomedicines still suffer from an incomplete understanding of their safety risks, and of the relationships between their physicochemical characteristics and safety profiles. Herein, the most important categories of nanomaterials with clinical potential and their toxicological mechanisms are summarized, and then, based on this available information, an overview of the principles in developing safe-by-design nanomaterials for medical applications and of the recent progress in this field is provided. These principles may serve as a starting point to guide the development of more effective safe-by-design strategies and to help identify the major knowledge and skill gaps.
纳米技术与医学的结合为对抗人类疾病提供了新的机会。得益于其独特的光学、热学、磁学或氧化还原特性，广泛的纳米材料在诊断、药物输送或组织修复和再生等应用中显示出了潜力。尽管在过去几十年中取得了相当大的成功，但新出现的纳米药物仍然对其安全风险以及其物理化学特性与安全特性之间的关系缺乏完整的认识。在此，总结了具有临床潜力的最重要的纳米材料类别及其毒理学机制，然后基于这些可用信息，概述了为医学应用开发设计安全的纳米材料的原则以及该领域的最新进展。这些原则可以作为指导更有效的设计安全策略的起点，并有助于确定主要的知识和技能差距。
