Department of Biological Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) , Mohali , Punjab 140306 , India.
Biochemistry. 2019 Feb 26;58(8):1026-1031. doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b01065. Epub 2019 Feb 13.
Cytoplasmic dynein is a retrograde microtubule-based motor transporting cellular cargo, including organelles, vesicular intermediates, RNA granules, and proteins, thus regulating their subcellular distribution and function. Mammalian dynein associates with dynactin, a multisubunit protein complex that is necessary for the processive motility of dynein along the microtubule tracks. Recent studies have shown that the interaction between dynein and dynactin is enhanced in the presence of a coiled-coil activating adaptor protein, which performs dual functions of recruiting dynein and dynactin to their cargoes and inducing the superprocessive motility of the motor complex. One such family of coiled-coil activating adaptor proteins is the Hook family of proteins that are conserved across evolution with three paralogs in the case of mammals, namely, HOOK1-HOOK3. This Perspective aims to provide an overview of the Hook protein structure and the cellular functions of Hook proteins, with an emphasis on the recent developments in understanding their role as activating dynein adaptors.
细胞质动力蛋白是一种逆行微管动力蛋白，可运输细胞货物，包括细胞器、囊泡中间产物、RNA 颗粒和蛋白质，从而调节它们的细胞内分布和功能。哺乳动物动力蛋白与动力蛋白激活衔接蛋白 dynactin 结合，dynactin 是动力蛋白沿微管轨道进行连续运动所必需的多亚基蛋白复合物。最近的研究表明，在卷曲螺旋激活衔接蛋白存在的情况下，动力蛋白和 dynactin 之间的相互作用增强，该衔接蛋白具有双重功能，即将动力蛋白和 dynactin 募集到它们的货物上，并诱导马达复合物的超连续运动。卷曲螺旋激活衔接蛋白家族的一种是 Hook 蛋白家族，在进化过程中是保守的，哺乳动物有三个同源物，即 HOOK1-HOOK3。本观点旨在概述 Hook 蛋白的结构和 Hook 蛋白的细胞功能，重点介绍近年来对其作为激活动力蛋白衔接蛋白的作用的理解的最新进展。
