MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019 Feb 1;68(4):81-86. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6804a2.
Identifying persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who are unaware of their infection status, linking them to HIV care, and reducing racial/ethnic disparities are important national HIV prevention goals (1). Blacks/African Americans (blacks)* are disproportionately affected by HIV infection in the United States. Although blacks represent 13% of the U.S. population (2), in 2017, 44% of diagnoses of HIV infection were in blacks, and the rate of new diagnoses in blacks (41.1 per 100,000 persons) was approximately eight times that of non-Hispanic whites (5.1) (3). HIV partner services are offered by health officials to persons with diagnosed HIV infection (index patients) and their sex- or needle-sharing partners, who are notified of their potential HIV exposure and offered HIV testing and related services (4). CDC analyzed 2016 data from the National HIV Prevention Program Monitoring and Evaluation system submitted by 59 health departments. Among 49,266 index patients identified as potential candidates for partner services, 21,191 (43%) were black. The percentage of black index patients interviewed for partner services (76%) was higher than that for all index patients combined (73%). Among the 11,088 black partners named by index patients, 78% were notified of their potential HIV exposure. Fewer than half (47%) of those notified were tested for HIV infection. Among those tested, one in six (17%) received a new HIV diagnosis. The prevalence of newly diagnosed HIV infection was particularly high among black partners who were gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) (37%) and transgender persons (38%). Effective implementation of partner services is important to identify HIV infection, link patients to care or reengage them in care, and provide prevention services to reduce HIV transmission.
识别未意识到自身感染状况的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者，将其与 HIV 护理联系起来，并减少种族/民族差异，这些是美国重要的国家 HIV 预防目标 (1)。在美国，HIV 感染对黑人的影响不成比例。尽管黑人仅占美国人口的 13% (2)，但在 2017 年，HIV 感染的诊断中有 44%是黑人，而黑人的新诊断率（每 10 万人 41.1 例）约为非西班牙裔白人（5.1）的八倍 (3)。艾滋病毒伙伴服务是由卫生官员向已诊断出 HIV 感染的人（索引患者）及其性伴侣或共用针头的伙伴提供的，这些人会被告知其潜在的 HIV 暴露情况，并提供 HIV 检测和相关服务 (4)。CDC 分析了来自全国艾滋病毒预防计划监测和评估系统的 2016 年数据，这些数据由 59 个卫生部门提交。在被确定为潜在伙伴服务候选人的 49266 名索引患者中，有 21191 名（43%）是黑人。接受伙伴服务访谈的黑人索引患者比例（76%）高于所有索引患者的总和（73%）。在索引患者提名的 11088 名黑人伙伴中，有 78%被告知其潜在的 HIV 暴露情况。通知检测 HIV 感染的人数不到一半（47%）。在接受检测的人中，六分之一（17%）新诊断出 HIV 感染。新诊断出 HIV 感染的黑人比例在男同性恋、双性恋和其他与男性发生性关系的男性（MSM）（37%）和跨性别者（38%）中尤其高。有效实施伙伴服务对于识别 HIV 感染、将患者与护理联系起来或重新参与护理以及提供预防服务以减少 HIV 传播非常重要。
