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A Reappraisal of Testosterone's Binding in Circulation: Physiological and Clinical Implications.重新评估循环中睾酮的结合:生理和临床意义。
Endocr Rev. 2017 Aug 1;38(4):302-324. doi: 10.1210/er.2017-00025.
2
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Contraception. 2017 May;95(5):464-469. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2017.01.004. Epub 2017 Jan 23.
3
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Contraception. 2017 Jan;95(1):10-16. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.08.003. Epub 2016 Aug 16.
4
Effect of BMI and body weight on pregnancy rates with LNG as emergency contraception: analysis of four WHO HRP studies.体重指数(BMI)和体重对左炔诺孕酮作为紧急避孕措施时妊娠率的影响:世卫组织四项人类生殖规划研究分析
Contraception. 2017 Jan;95(1):50-54. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.08.001. Epub 2016 Aug 12.
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Contraception. 2016 Jul;94(1):52-7. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.03.006. Epub 2016 Mar 18.
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Impact of bodyweight/body mass index on the effectiveness of emergency contraception with levonorgestrel: a pooled-analysis of three randomized controlled trials.体重/体重指数对左炔诺孕酮紧急避孕效果的影响:三项随机对照试验的汇总分析
Curr Med Res Opin. 2015 Dec;31(12):2241-8. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2015.1094455. Epub 2015 Oct 27.
7
Effect of body weight and BMI on the efficacy of levonorgestrel emergency contraception.体重和体重指数对左炔诺孕酮紧急避孕效果的影响。
Contraception. 2015 Feb;91(2):97-104. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.11.001. Epub 2014 Nov 8.
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Pharmacokinetics of two low-dose levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems and effects on ovulation rate and cervical function: pooled analyses of phase II and III studies.两种低剂量左炔诺孕酮释放宫内节育系统的药代动力学及对排卵率和宫颈功能的影响:Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期研究的汇总分析。
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PLoS Genet. 2011 Oct;7(10):e1002313. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002313. Epub 2011 Oct 6.
10
Can we identify women at risk of pregnancy despite using emergency contraception? Data from randomized trials of ulipristal acetate and levonorgestrel.我们能否识别使用紧急避孕药后仍怀孕风险的女性?依托孕烯和左炔诺孕酮随机试验的数据。
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1.5 毫克左炔诺孕酮紧急避孕药在体重指数正常、肥胖和极度肥胖的女性中的药代动力学。

Pharmacokinetics of the 1.5 mg levonorgestrel emergency contraceptive in women with normal, obese and extremely obese body mass index.

机构信息

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.

出版信息

Contraception. 2019 May;99(5):306-311. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2019.01.003. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2019.01.003
PMID:30703352
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6499670/
Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To assess the pharmacokinetics (PK) of levonorgestrel after 1.5 mg oral doses (LNG-EC) in women with normal, obese and extremely obese body mass index (BMI).

STUDY DESIGN

The 1.5 mg LNG dose was given to healthy, reproductive-age, ovulatory women with normal BMI (mean 22.0), obese (mean 34.4), and extremely obese (mean 46.6 kg/m) BMI. Total serum LNG was measured over 0 to 96 h by radioimmunoassay while free and bioavailable LNG were calculated. The maximum concentration (Cmax), time to maximum concentration (Tmax), and area under the curve (AUC) of LNG were assessed. Pharmacokinetic parameters calculated included half-life (t1/2), clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (Vss).

RESULTS

Ten normal-BMI, 11 obese-BMI, 5 extremely obese-BMI women were studied. After LNG-EC, mean total LNG metrics were lower in the obese and extremely obese groups compared to normal (Cmax 10.5 and 10.5 versus 16.2 ng/mL, both p<.01; AUC 208 and 197 versus 360 h × ng/mL, both p<.05). Mean bioavailable LNG Cmax was lower in obese (7.03 ng/mL, p<.05) and extremely obese (7.53 ng/ml, p=.198) compared to normal BMI (9.39 ng/mL). Mean bioavailable LNG AUC values were lower in obese and extremely obese compared to normal (131.6 and 127.5 vs 185.0 h × ng/mL, p<.05 for both).

CONCLUSIONS

Obese and extremely obese women were exposed to lower total and bioavailable LNG than normal BMI women.

IMPLICATIONS

Lower 'bioavailable' (free plus albumin bound) LNG AUC in obese women may play a role in the purported reduced efficacy of LNG-EC in obese users.

摘要

目的

评估体重正常、肥胖和极度肥胖的女性口服 1.5 毫克左炔诺孕酮(LNG-EC)后的药代动力学(PK)。

研究设计

1.5 毫克 LNG 剂量给予体重正常(平均 22.0)、肥胖(平均 34.4)和极度肥胖(平均 46.6 kg/m)BMI 的健康、育龄、排卵女性。通过放射免疫测定法在 0 至 96 小时内测量总血清 LNG,同时计算游离和生物可用 LNG。评估 LNG 的最大浓度(Cmax)、最大浓度时间(Tmax)和曲线下面积(AUC)。计算的药代动力学参数包括半衰期(t1/2)、清除率(CL)和分布容积(Vss)。

结果

研究了 10 名体重正常的 BMI、11 名肥胖的 BMI 和 5 名极度肥胖的 BMI 女性。LNG-EC 后,肥胖和极度肥胖组的平均总 LNG 指标均低于正常组(Cmax 分别为 10.5 和 10.5 对 16.2 ng/mL,均 p<.01;AUC 分别为 208 和 197 对 360 h×ng/mL,均 p<.05)。肥胖(7.03 ng/mL,p<.05)和极度肥胖(7.53 ng/ml,p=.198)的平均生物可用 LNG Cmax 均低于正常 BMI(9.39 ng/mL)。肥胖和极度肥胖组的平均生物可用 LNG AUC 值均低于正常组(分别为 131.6 和 127.5 对 185.0 h×ng/mL,均 p<.05)。

结论

肥胖和极度肥胖的女性暴露于总 LNG 和生物可用 LNG 低于体重正常的女性。

意义

肥胖女性的“生物可用”(游离加白蛋白结合)LNG AUC 较低,可能在 LNG-EC 对肥胖使用者的疗效降低中起作用。