Hu Deqing, Yan Han, He Xi C, Li Linheng
Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Heping, Tianjin, China.
Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Heping, Tianjin, China.
F1000Res. 2019 Jan 18;8. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.16793.1. eCollection 2019.
Intestinal homeostasis and regeneration are driven by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) lying in the crypt. In addition to the actively cycling ISCs that maintain daily homeostasis, accumulating evidence supports the existence of other pools of stem/progenitor cells with the capacity to repair damaged tissue and facilitate rapid restoration of intestinal integrity after injuries. Appropriate control of ISCs and other populations of intestinal epithelial cells with stem cell activity is essential for intestinal homeostasis and regeneration while their deregulation is implicated in colorectal tumorigenesis. In this review, we will summarize the recent findings about ISC identity and cellular plasticity in intestine, discuss regulatory mechanisms that control ISCs for intestinal homeostasis and regeneration, and put a particular emphasis on extrinsic niche-derived signaling and intrinsic epigenetic regulation. Moreover, we highlight several fundamental questions about the precise mechanisms conferring robust capacity for intestine to maintain physiological homeostasis and repair injuries.
肠道稳态和再生由位于隐窝的肠道干细胞（ISC）驱动。除了维持日常稳态的活跃循环ISC外，越来越多的证据支持存在其他干细胞/祖细胞池，它们有能力修复受损组织并促进损伤后肠道完整性的快速恢复。对ISC和其他具有干细胞活性的肠道上皮细胞群体进行适当控制对于肠道稳态和再生至关重要，而它们的失调与结直肠癌发生有关。在这篇综述中，我们将总结关于肠道中ISC身份和细胞可塑性的最新发现，讨论控制ISC以实现肠道稳态和再生的调节机制，并特别强调外在微环境衍生信号和内在表观遗传调控。此外，我们强调了几个关于赋予肠道强大能力以维持生理稳态和修复损伤的精确机制的基本问题。
