School of Science, Monash University, Sunway Campus, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
Rev Med Virol. 2019 May;29(3):e2036. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2036. Epub 2019 Jan 31.
Tetherin, an interferon-inducible gene was first discovered to be an antiviral factor in 2008. A vast range of viruses, such as influenza A virus (IAV), dengue virus, Ebola virus, HIV, and RSV, have been reported to be susceptible to the antiviral activity of tetherin. Multiple reports have been published encompassing the role of tetherin in the IAV life cycle. To date, nine reports have been published regarding the role of tetherin in the IAV life cycle, with four reports supporting tetherin as an antiviral factor while five other reports suggesting no effect. To this end, this review summarizes the list of viruses currently known to be inhibited by tetherin and describes mechanisms used by viruses to overcome the antiviral potential of tetherin. Further, using IAV as disease model, we provide existing evidence in favor and against tetherin being considered as an antiviral candidate. Subsequent analysis of the experimental procedures across IAV-tetherin published reports revealed that the experimental setup (ie, cell lines, transfection reagents, and multiplicity of infection), strain-specific activity of NS1, and differing roles of NS1 in different cell lines may add up to the contributing factors leading to the discrepancies observed.
tetherin，一种干扰素诱导基因，于 2008 年首次被发现具有抗病毒作用。大量病毒，如流感病毒（IAV）、登革热病毒、埃博拉病毒、HIV 和 RSV，已被报道易受 tetherin 的抗病毒活性影响。已有多篇报道涵盖了 tetherin 在 IAV 生命周期中的作用。迄今为止，已有 9 篇关于 tetherin 在 IAV 生命周期中的作用的报告，其中 4 篇报告支持 tetherin 作为抗病毒因子，而另外 5 篇报告则表明没有影响。为此，本综述总结了目前已知受 tetherin 抑制的病毒列表，并描述了病毒用来克服 tetherin 抗病毒潜力的机制。此外，我们使用 IAV 作为疾病模型，提供了支持和反对将 tetherin 视为抗病毒候选物的现有证据。对已发表的 IAV-tetherin 报告中的实验方案进行的后续分析表明，实验设置（即细胞系、转染试剂和感染复数）、NS1 的菌株特异性活性以及 NS1 在不同细胞系中的不同作用，可能是导致观察到的差异的因素。
