Faraji Niloofar, Zeinali Tahereh, Joukar Farahnaz, Aleali Maryam Sadat, Eslami Narges, Shenagari Mohammad, Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz
Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Heliyon. 2024 Apr 25;10(9):e30208. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30208. eCollection 2024 May 15.
The rapid emergence of multiple strains of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has sparked profound concerns regarding the ongoing evolution of the virus and its potential impact on global health. Classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as variants of concern (VOC), these strains exhibit heightened transmissibility and pathogenicity, posing significant challenges to existing vaccine strategies. Despite widespread vaccination efforts, the continual evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants presents a formidable obstacle to achieving herd immunity. Of particular concern is the coronavirus spike (S) protein, a pivotal viral surface protein crucial for host cell entry and infectivity. Mutations within the S protein have been shown to enhance transmissibility and confer resistance to antibody-mediated neutralization, undermining the efficacy of traditional vaccine platforms. Moreover, the S protein undergoes rapid molecular evolution under selective immune pressure, leading to the emergence of diverse variants with distinct mutation profiles. This review underscores the urgent need for vigilance and adaptation in vaccine development efforts to combat the evolving landscape of SARS-CoV-2 mutations and ensure the long-term effectiveness of global immunization campaigns.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）多种毒株的迅速出现引发了人们对该病毒持续演变及其对全球健康潜在影响的深切关注。这些毒株被世界卫生组织（WHO）列为关注变异株（VOC），具有更高的传播性和致病性，给现有的疫苗策略带来了重大挑战。尽管进行了广泛的疫苗接种工作，但SARS-CoV-2变异株的持续演变对实现群体免疫构成了巨大障碍。特别令人担忧的是冠状病毒刺突（S）蛋白，它是一种关键的病毒表面蛋白，对宿主细胞进入和感染性至关重要。S蛋白内的突变已被证明可增强传播性并赋予对抗体介导中和的抗性，从而削弱传统疫苗平台的效力。此外，S蛋白在选择性免疫压力下经历快速分子进化，导致出现具有不同突变谱的多种变异株。本综述强调，在疫苗研发工作中迫切需要保持警惕并进行调整，以应对SARS-CoV-2突变不断变化的形势，并确保全球免疫运动的长期有效性。
