Phacoemulsification cataract surgery in the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta): surgical technique and outcomes in 10 cases.

Cataract removal using phacoemulsification was performed in 10 loggerhead turtles being rehabilitated after stranding. All turtles had significant systemic abnormalities and had cataracts either at the time of rescue or developed them during rehabilitation. Surgical difficulties encountered included an extremely soft globe that did not allow for a partial thickness corneal incision, incomplete topical anesthesia of the ocular surface with proparacaine, inability to dilate the pupil pharmacologically, a markedly shallow anterior chamber, a thick posterior capsular plaque in most cases, and difficulty creating a watertight closure with sutures. Minimal to no intraocular inflammation was seen in all cases following surgery, but all cases in which corneal sutures were used developed a marked inflammatory reaction surrounding the sutures and appeared uncomfortable until sutures were removed or sloughed. All turtles appeared to have improved vision following surgery and were eventually released. Two turtles were re-encountered a year or more after release. Both showed signs of normal growth and the ability to capture prey in the wild. This report documents successful outcomes associated with cataract surgery in loggerhead turtles, but also presents significant surgical challenges that should be taken into account before attempting this procedure in this species.