Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2 A Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2 A Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; The Biotechnology Centre, The Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8 St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 May 15;172:210-215. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.074. Epub 2019 Jan 30.
Cytostatic drugs have become one of the greatest environmental threats. They occur in surface, ground and even drinking water. Their key emission sources are hospital effluents, municipal wastewater, as well as drug manufacturers and their effluents. These compounds are extremely stable in natural waters and they are not significantly removed during wastewater treatment, because they are resistant to biodegradation. The aim of this work was to establish possible negative effects of chosen cytostatics: bleomycin and vincristine on the three trophic levels of surface waters. A single agent acute toxicity test was conducted on representatives of the producer - an aquatic freshwater plant Lemna minor, the consumer - crustaceans Daphnia magna, and the decomposer - bacteria Pseudomonas putida. Binary mixture tests were performed according to the Concentration Addition, Response Additivity, and Independent Action models. Both substances had a different effect on the tested organisms; bleomycin could be classified as a very toxic, while vincristine as a toxic water pollutant. Half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values designed in the presented single agent acute toxicity studies are < 10 mg/L in all the tests with bleomycin as well as vincristine conducted on L. minor. In tests with vincristine performed on D. magna and P. putida EC50 > 100 mg/L. The highest toxicity is demonstrated by bleomycin towards the aquatic freshwater plant (EC50 = 0.2 mg/L). The binary mixture of the tested chemicals showed antagonistic effects of environmental concern.
细胞抑制剂类药物已成为最大的环境威胁之一。它们存在于地表水、地下水甚至饮用水中。其主要排放源是医院废水、城市污水以及药物制造商及其废水。这些化合物在天然水中极其稳定，在废水处理过程中不会被显著去除，因为它们难以生物降解。本工作旨在确定所选细胞抑制剂（博来霉素和长春新碱）对地表水三个营养级可能产生的负面影响。对生产者（水生淡水植物浮萍）、消费者（大型溞）和分解者（假单胞菌）的代表进行了单一药剂急性毒性试验。二元混合物试验根据浓度加和、反应加和和独立作用模型进行。这两种物质对测试生物有不同的影响；博来霉素可被归类为极毒物质，而长春新碱则为有毒的水污染物。在针对浮萍进行的所有博来霉素和长春新碱单一药剂急性毒性研究中，半数最大有效浓度 (EC50) 值均<10mg/L。在针对大型溞和假单胞菌进行的长春新碱试验中，EC50>100mg/L。博来霉素对水生淡水植物的毒性最高（EC50=0.2mg/L）。测试化学品的二元混合物显示出具有环境关注的拮抗作用。
