Oxford Brookes University, Jack Straw's Lane, Oxford, OX3 0FL, United Kingdom.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2019 Apr;92:60-72. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.12.017. Epub 2019 Jan 2.
This review aims to describe the role of the school nurse in protecting children and young people from maltreatment by examining the international literature. Child maltreatment is a prevalent issue in global society today and includes physical, emotional and sexual abuse, neglect and exploitation. School nurses are ideally placed to identify and work with children and young people who are at risk of maltreatment through their regular contact with the school community.
Integrative literature review incorporating thematic analysis.
Electronic databases British Nursing Database, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medline, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library Database for Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL).
Role, School Nurse, Child Maltreatment.
Initial title and abstract review of 444 studies resulted in 78 studies for full text review. Additional search strategies identified one relevant study. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were employed as follows; (1) study published in the English language, (2) peer-reviewed, (3) primary research, (4) inclusion of school nurses (or equivalent role internationally) in the study sample, and (5) a focus on the role of school nurses in preventing child maltreatment. Studies were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool for qualitative studies and the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist for mixed-methods and quantitative studies. Findings from the studies were identified, summarised and organised into a summary table, before being analysed thematically.
21 studies met inclusion and quality criteria and were included in the review. Key themes that emerged from the analysis were; supporting the child and family, detective work, working with other professionals, training and supervision, barriers to protecting children and young people from maltreatment and trust.
International literature highlights the variety of activities that school nurses may undertake in daily practice to protect children and young people from maltreatment. Several challenges to this role are identified, including time management and building relationships with children and young people. Recommendations for practice and further research are made.
本综述旨在通过考察国际文献，描述学校护士在保护儿童和青少年免受虐待方面的作用。儿童虐待是当今全球社会普遍存在的问题，包括身体、情感和性虐待、忽视和剥削。学校护士通过与学校社区的定期接触，最适合识别和帮助有遭受虐待风险的儿童和青少年。
综合文献综述，纳入主题分析。
电子数据库英国护理数据库、护理与联合健康文献累积索引、Medline、PsycInfo、Cochrane 图书馆系统评价数据库、Cochrane 对照试验中心注册库。
角色、学校护士、儿童虐待。
对 444 项研究进行了初步标题和摘要审查，结果有 78 项研究进行了全文审查。此外，还采用了额外的搜索策略，确定了一项相关研究。采用以下纳入和排除标准：（1）以英文发表的研究；（2）同行评议；（3）原始研究；（4）研究样本中包括学校护士（或国际上同等角色）；（5）关注学校护士在预防儿童虐待方面的作用。使用定性研究的批判性评价技巧计划工具和混合方法和定量研究的加强观察性研究报告清单对研究进行评估。从研究中确定、总结和组织发现到一个总结表中，然后进行主题分析。
21 项研究符合纳入和质量标准，并纳入了综述。分析中出现的主要主题包括：支持儿童和家庭、侦探工作、与其他专业人员合作、培训和监督、保护儿童和青少年免受虐待的障碍以及信任。
国际文献强调了学校护士在日常实践中可能采取的各种活动，以保护儿童和青少年免受虐待。该角色面临若干挑战，包括时间管理和与儿童和青少年建立关系。提出了实践和进一步研究的建议。
