Oz Gergin O, Bayram A, Gergin I S, Aksu R, Yay A, Balcıoglu E, Polat S, Coşkun G, Soyer Sarıca Z, Yıldız K
a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesia , Erciyes University , Kayseri , Turkey.
b Medical Faculty , Erciyes University , Kayseri , Turkey.
Biotech Histochem. 2019 May;94(4):252-260. doi: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1548711. Epub 2019 Feb 4.
We investigated the myotoxic effects of bupivacaine, ropivacaine and levobupivacaine on rat skeletal muscle and compared its apoptotic activity and acute effects on pro-nflammatory cytokines. We divided 40 Wistar albino rats into four equal groups. Rats were injected intramuscularly with 0.5% bupivacaine (group B), 0.5% ropivacaine (group R), 0.5% levobupivacaine (group L) or 0.9% normal saline (group SF). Animals were sacrificed on the second day after the injection. TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 levels were examined in muscle tissue using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Apoptotic cells were visualized by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. We found that levobupivacaine caused the lowest TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 expression levels, while the bupivacaine group caused the highest level compared to the other two agents. The greatest number of apoptotic cells was found in the bupivacaine group. Bupivacaine was more myotoxic than other anesthetic agents and increased apoptosis. The number of TUNEL positive apoptotic cells was lowest in the SF group. The greatest IL-1 immunoreactivity was found in the bupivacaine group. Bupivacaine and ropivacaine produced greater IL-6 expression than the SF group. Bupivacaine and ropivacaine caused greater TNF-α expression than the SF group, whereas the immunoreactivity of TNF-α was similar in the bupivacaine and ropivacaine groups.
我们研究了布比卡因、罗哌卡因和左旋布比卡因对大鼠骨骼肌的肌毒性作用，并比较了它们的凋亡活性以及对促炎细胞因子的急性影响。我们将40只Wistar白化大鼠分成四组，每组数量相等。大鼠分别肌肉注射0.5%布比卡因（B组）、0.5%罗哌卡因（R组）、0.5%左旋布比卡因（L组）或0.9%生理盐水（SF组）。注射后第二天处死动物。使用免疫组织化学和免疫荧光法检测肌肉组织中TNF-α、IL-1和IL-6的水平。通过末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶dUTP缺口末端标记（TUNEL）法观察凋亡细胞。我们发现左旋布比卡因引起的TNF-α、IL-1和IL-6表达水平最低，而布比卡因组与其他两种药物相比引起的水平最高。布比卡因组凋亡细胞数量最多。布比卡因比其他麻醉剂的肌毒性更强，且增加了细胞凋亡。SF组TUNEL阳性凋亡细胞数量最少。布比卡因组IL-1免疫反应性最强。布比卡因和罗哌卡因产生的IL-6表达水平高于SF组。布比卡因和罗哌卡因引起的TNF-α表达水平高于SF组，而布比卡因组和罗哌卡因组中TNF-α的免疫反应性相似。
