Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India.
Pancreatology. 2019 Mar;19(2):280-284. doi: 10.1016/j.pan.2019.01.021. Epub 2019 Jan 28.
The microbiota living in gut influence the immune response, metabolism, mood and behavior. The diet plays a pivotal role in maintaining healthy gut microbiota composition and its fermentation leads to production of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) mainly acetate, propionate and butyrate. During pancreatic dysfunction, insulin mediated suppression of glucagon is impaired leading to uncontrolled glucose production by liver and state of hyperglycemia. Insulin and glucagon balance is as important as insulin sensitivity which is reduced during Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP1) produced by Intestinal epithelial cells regulates insulin and glucagon secretion directly via GLP1 receptor on pancreatic cells or via nervous system. But half-life period of GLP1 is very short i.e. about 2 min, after which it is cleaved and inactivated. SCFAs are well documented to induce GLP1 but its direct effect on pancreatic dysfunction has not been reported. This review opens a new avenue to study the role of SCFAs as treatment to pancreatic dysfunction and T2D.
肠道中的微生物群会影响免疫反应、代谢、情绪和行为。饮食在维持健康的肠道微生物群组成方面起着关键作用，其发酵会导致短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）的产生，主要是乙酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐。在胰腺功能障碍时，胰岛素介导的胰高血糖素抑制作用受损，导致肝脏不受控制地产生葡萄糖，从而出现高血糖状态。胰岛素和胰高血糖素的平衡与胰岛素敏感性同样重要，而在 2 型糖尿病（T2D）中，胰岛素敏感性会降低。肠上皮细胞产生的胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP1）通过胰腺细胞上的 GLP1 受体或通过神经系统直接调节胰岛素和胰高血糖素的分泌。但 GLP1 的半衰期非常短，约为 2 分钟，之后会被切割并失活。已有充分的证据表明 SCFAs 可诱导 GLP1，但尚未有报道其对胰腺功能障碍的直接作用。本综述为研究 SCFAs 作为治疗胰腺功能障碍和 T2D 的作用开辟了新途径。
