Aurell Johanna, Gullett Brian K, Tabor Dennis, Yonker Nick
University of Dayton Research Institute, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
Atmos Environ (1994). 2017 Feb;150:395-406. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.11.034. Epub 2016 Nov 12.
Emissions from burning piles of post-harvest timber slash (Douglas fir) in Grande Ronde, Oregon were sampled using an instrument platform lofted into the plume using a tether- controlled aerostat or balloon. Emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, particulate matter (PM), black carbon, ultraviolet absorbing PM, elemental/organic carbon, filter-based metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were sampled to determine emission factors, the amount of pollutant formed per amount of biomass burned. The effect on emissions from covering the piles with polyethylene (PE) sheets to prevent fuel wetting versus uncovered piles was also determined. Results showed that the uncovered ("wet") piles burned with lower combustion efficiency and higher emission factors for VOCs, PM, PCDD/PCDF, and PAHs. Removal of the PE prior to ignition, variation of PE size, and changing PE thickness resulted in no statistical distinction between emissions. Results suggest that dry piles, whether covered with PE or not, exhibited statistically significant lower emissions than wet piles due to better combustion efficiency.
在俄勒冈州格兰德朗德，使用由系留控制的浮空器或气球将仪器平台升至采伐后木材（花旗松）残枝堆燃烧产生的烟羽中，对排放物进行采样。对一氧化碳、二氧化碳、甲烷、颗粒物（PM）、黑碳、紫外线吸收性PM、元素碳/有机碳、基于滤膜的金属、多环芳烃（PAH）、多氯二苯并二恶英/二苯并呋喃（PCDD/PCDF）和挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的排放进行采样，以确定排放因子，即每燃烧单位生物量所形成的污染物量。还确定了用聚乙烯（PE）片覆盖这些堆以防止燃料受潮与未覆盖的堆相比对排放的影响。结果表明，未覆盖（“受潮”）的堆燃烧效率较低，VOC、PM、PCDD/PCDF和PAH的排放因子较高。点火前去除PE、改变PE尺寸以及改变PE厚度，排放之间没有统计学差异。结果表明，由于燃烧效率更高，无论是否覆盖PE，干燥的堆排放均显著低于受潮的堆。
