University of Dayton Research Institute, Power & Energy Division, Dayton, OH, USA.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2022 Jun;72(6):581-591. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2021.2013343. Epub 2022 Feb 11.
Alfalfa hay that was grown on a field treated with a methyl bromide and chloropicrin pesticide (at a 98/2 weight ratio) resulted in animal sickness, posing a disposal issue for the harvested feed. In consideration of disposal options, emissions and residues from burning treated and untreated alfalfa hay were sampled and analyzed to provide data for an assessment of potential health and environmental effects. Treated alfalfa hay was tested in parallel with untreated alfalfa in a controlled laboratory combustion facility. Results showed that about half of the bromine and chlorine in the treated hay was emitted and the remaining was retained in the ash. The alfalfa hay burned poorly, with modified combustion efficiencies, the ratio of CO to CO + CO, below 0.89. The emission factor for PM was statistically higher for the untreated versus treated alfalfa but the PAHs were doubled in the treated alfalfa. The treated alfalfa had significantly more emissions of polychorinated dibenzodioxin/dibenzofuran than the untreated alfalfa by a factor of 10, but less polybrominated dibenzodioxin/dibenzofuran. The high Br concentration in the treated alfalfa biomass may have resulted in formation and emission of mixed halogen compounds which were unable to be analyzed for lack of standards. Comparison of volatile organic compound emissions were unremarkable with the exception of MeBr where emissions from the treated alfalfa were over 300 times higher than the untreated biomass. The potential complications due to emissions and permitting of an open burn or contained incinerator left options for landfilling and feedstock blending for handling the treated alfalfa. : This paper illustrates the issues agricultural managers must deal with concerning the combustive disposal of contaminated crops. A method is presented whereby combustion of contaminated crops can be assessed for their suitability for disposal by open air or enclosed burning.
用溴甲烷和氯化苦（重量比为 98/2）处理过的苜蓿干草导致动物生病，成为收获饲料的处理问题。考虑到处理方法，对处理过的和未处理的苜蓿干草的燃烧排放物和残留物进行了采样和分析，为评估潜在的健康和环境影响提供了数据。在受控实验室燃烧设施中，对处理过的苜蓿干草与未处理的苜蓿干草进行了平行测试。结果表明，处理过的苜蓿干草中约有一半的溴和氯被排放出来，其余的则残留在灰烬中。苜蓿干草燃烧不良，修正后的燃烧效率，CO 与 CO+CO 的比值低于 0.89。未处理的苜蓿干草的 PM 排放因子在统计上高于处理过的，但处理过的苜蓿干草中的多环芳烃增加了一倍。处理过的苜蓿干草的多氯二苯并对二恶英/二苯并呋喃排放量比未处理的苜蓿干草高出 10 倍，但多溴二苯并对二恶英/二苯并呋喃排放量较低。处理过的苜蓿干草生物量中高浓度的 Br 可能导致混合卤代化合物的形成和排放，由于缺乏标准，这些化合物无法进行分析。除了 MeBr 之外，挥发性有机化合物排放没有明显差异，其中处理过的苜蓿干草的排放量比未处理的生物质高出 300 多倍。由于开放燃烧或封闭焚烧的排放和许可带来的潜在并发症，为处理过的苜蓿干草选择了填埋和原料混合的处理方法。本文说明了农业管理人员在处理受污染作物的燃烧处理时必须面对的问题。提出了一种方法，可以评估受污染作物的燃烧是否适合通过露天或封闭燃烧进行处理。
