JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, IA, USA.
JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, IA, USA.
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2019 May;53(5):637-643. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.01.015. Epub 2019 Feb 1.
Ceftolozane-tazobactam is a combination of an antipseudomonal cephalosporin and a β-lactamase inhibitor. Ceftolozane-tazobactam was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2014 and by the European Medicines Agency in 2015 for use in adults to treat complicated urinary tract infections, acute pyelonephritis, and complicated intra-abdominal infections with metronidazole. Studies for paediatric indications are planned. The Programme to Assess Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Susceptibility monitors the resistance of ceftolozane-tazobactam to Gram-negative isolates worldwide. In total, 6240 Gram-negative isolates were collected between 2012 and 2016 from paediatric patients (<18 years old) in 31 US hospitals (4207 isolates) and 48 European hospitals (2033 isolates), and tested for susceptibility (S) to ceftolozane-tazobactam by broth microdilution. Other antibiotics tested included amikacin, colistin and meropenem. The most common infection type in hospitalized paediatric patients was pneumonia (n=2018), followed by urinary tract infection (n=1569) and bloodstream infection (n=1236). In total, 4316 Enterobacteriaceae and 1765 non-enterics were isolated. The most common species were Escherichia coli (n=1919), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=1236) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=709). In all regions, the three most active antimicrobials against paediatric Enterobacteriaceae isolates were amikacin (99.0%S), meropenem (98.9%S) and ceftolozane-tazobactam (94.6%S). For all P. aeruginosa, colistin (98.9%S) and ceftolozane-tazobactam (97.4%S) were the most active. In conclusion, for all Enterobacteriaceae, ceftolozane-tazobactam was the most potent cephalosporin tested, with only meropenem and colistin having higher susceptibility rates. For P. aeruginosa, ceftolozane-tazobactam was the most potent β-lactam and had a similar susceptibility rate to colistin.
头孢洛扎他唑巴坦是一种抗假单胞菌头孢菌素和β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的组合。头孢洛扎他唑巴坦于 2014 年获得美国食品和药物管理局以及 2015 年欧洲药品管理局批准，用于治疗成人复杂性尿路感染、急性肾盂肾炎和复杂性腹腔内感染，可合并使用甲硝唑。目前正在计划儿科适应证的研究。评估头孢洛扎他唑巴坦敏感性计划监测全球范围内头孢洛扎他唑巴坦对革兰氏阴性分离株的耐药性。在 2012 年至 2016 年间，从美国 31 家医院（4207 株）和 48 家欧洲医院（2033 株）的<18 岁的儿科患者中收集了 6240 株革兰氏阴性分离株，采用肉汤微量稀释法检测对头孢洛扎他唑巴坦的敏感性（S）。检测的其他抗生素包括阿米卡星、多粘菌素和美罗培南。住院儿科患者最常见的感染类型是肺炎（n=2018），其次是尿路感染（n=1569）和血流感染（n=1236）。共分离出 4316 株肠杆菌科和 1765 株非肠杆菌科。最常见的菌种是大肠埃希菌（n=1919）、铜绿假单胞菌（n=1236）和肺炎克雷伯菌（n=709）。在所有地区，针对儿科肠杆菌科分离株最有效的三种抗生素是阿米卡星（99.0%S）、美罗培南（98.9%S）和头孢洛扎他唑巴坦（94.6%S）。对于所有铜绿假单胞菌，多粘菌素（98.9%S）和头孢洛扎他唑巴坦（97.4%S）是最有效的。总之，对于所有肠杆菌科，头孢洛扎他唑巴坦是测试过的最有效的头孢菌素，只有美罗培南和多粘菌素的敏感性率更高。对于铜绿假单胞菌，头孢洛扎他唑巴坦是最有效的β-内酰胺类药物，与多粘菌素的敏感性率相似。
