Sisay Birhanu, Tefera Tadele, Wakgari Mulatu, Ayalew Gashawbeza, Mendesil Esayas
School of Pant Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
International Center of Insect Physiology & Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Insects. 2019 Feb 1;10(2):45. doi: 10.3390/insects10020045.
Fall armyworm (FAW) was reported for the first time in Africa in 2016. FAW is widely distributed in Ethiopia, causing significant damage to maize. Nine synthetic insecticides belonging to different chemical groups and 11 pesticidal plants (botanicals) were tested for their efficacy against FAW under laboratory, greenhouse, and field conditions. In the laboratory, Radiant, Tracer, Karate, and Ampligo caused over 90% larval mortality 72 h after application. Malathion had moderate activity, causing 51.7% mortality 72 h after application, while Carbaryl was less effective, causing 28% mortality 72 h after application. In the greenhouse experiment, all synthetic insecticides reduced foliar damage to maize compared to the untreated control. Chemical sprays did not affect plant height, stem thickness, or leaf number. The highest fresh weight (471 g) was obtained from plants treated with Radiant. Among the botanicals tested, , , and resulted in the highest percentage larval mortality (>95%) 72 h after application. In the field, non-treated control plants showed extensive leaf injury compared to the synthetic insecticide- and botanical-treated plants. The synthetic insecticides and botanicals that showed high efficacy against FAW larvae can be used as components for integrated pest management (IPM) plans for FAW under smallholder farmer conditions in Ethiopia and elsewhere in Africa.
草地贪夜蛾于2016年首次在非洲被报道。草地贪夜蛾在埃塞俄比亚广泛分布，对玉米造成了严重损害。在实验室、温室和田间条件下，对9种属于不同化学类别的合成杀虫剂和11种杀虫植物（植物源农药）进行了抗草地贪夜蛾效果测试。在实验室中，施药72小时后，锐劲特、多杀菌素、功夫菊酯和倍内威导致幼虫死亡率超过90%。马拉硫磷活性中等，施药72小时后死亡率为51.7%，而西维因效果较差，施药72小时后死亡率为28%。在温室试验中，与未处理的对照相比，所有合成杀虫剂都减少了玉米的叶片损伤。化学喷雾对株高、茎粗或叶片数量没有影响。用锐劲特处理的植株获得了最高鲜重（471克）。在所测试的植物源农药中，[此处原文缺失具体植物名称]施药72小时后导致幼虫死亡率最高（>95%）。在田间，与经合成杀虫剂和植物源农药处理的植株相比，未处理的对照植株叶片损伤严重。对草地贪夜蛾幼虫显示出高效的合成杀虫剂和植物源农药可作为埃塞俄比亚和非洲其他地区小农户条件下草地贪夜蛾综合虫害管理（IPM）计划的组成部分。
