Sharma Anuja, Thakur Neelam, Hashem Abeer, Dawoud Turki M, Abd Allah Elsayed Fathi
Department of Zoology, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour-173101, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Heliyon. 2024 Aug 29;10(17):e37175. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37175. eCollection 2024 Sep 15.
Excessive use of insecticides are responsible to contaminate the environment, soil health, developing resistance in the insect pests, introduces new species, toxic to human and eliminates non-target organisms and affects the eco-balance and biodiversity adversely. Application of microbial bio-agents with the chemical insecticides is an assertive way to manage the population of pests, in an addition to dropping down the chemical residues risk to the eco-system. Larval stages of are prolific eater, caused huge losses globally. Individual and combined effect of chemical insecticides Barazide (Novaluron 5.25 %+Emamectin benzoate 0.9 % SC), entomopathogenic bacterial ( var. ), and entomopathogenic fungus ( and ) is assessed against the larvae of in bio-assay experiment. The decreasing trend in the observed mortality among insecticides alone is Barazide (95.80 ± 1.16, 85.30 ± 1.85 and 82.00 ± 1.72) > var. (88.70 ± 1.01, 79.90 ± 2.01 and 78.00 ± 2.91) > (82.60 ± 2.46, 73.90 ± 2.46 and 73.00 ± 4.16) > (78.60 ± 1.46, 68.90 ± 2.96 and 69.00 ± 3.46) after 96 h at its highest inoculation level against 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae. The combined application of Barazide @0.1 % with @1.5%induced mortality cent percent after 72 and 96 h against 3rd and 4th instar. Chi-squared test indicated a significant level of mortality at p < 0.05 level at highest dose and the probit analysis showed lowest LC value at dose 5.15 and 7.63 % with 95 % FL:1.38-19.22 and 2.85-20.39 after 72 and 96 h of exposure against 3rd and 4th instar. The increasing trend in the observed mortality among insecticides used in combination is Barazide + < Barazide + < Barazide + . Insecticides used in combination induced synergism that providing valuable practice to manage insect pests. These results suggested that the combined treatments could be a successful method for controlling the population of and at the same time farmers will decrease the inappropriate misuse and overuse of harmful chemical insecticides.
过度使用杀虫剂会导致环境污染、损害土壤健康、使害虫产生抗药性、引入新物种、对人类有毒并消灭非目标生物，进而对生态平衡和生物多样性产生不利影响。将微生物生物制剂与化学杀虫剂一起使用是控制害虫数量的一种有效方法，同时还能降低对生态系统的化学残留风险。[害虫名称]的幼虫阶段食量很大，在全球范围内造成了巨大损失。在生物测定实验中，评估了化学杀虫剂Barazide（5.25%虱螨脲+0.9%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐悬浮剂）、昆虫病原细菌（[细菌名称]变种）和昆虫病原真菌（[真菌名称1]和[真菌名称2]）对[害虫名称]幼虫的单独及联合作用。在针对3龄、4龄和5龄幼虫的最高接种水平下处理96小时后，单独使用杀虫剂时观察到的死亡率下降趋势为：Barazide（95.80±1.16、85.30±1.85和82.00±1.72）>[细菌名称]变种（88.70±1.01、79.90±2.01和78.00±2.91）>[真菌名称1]（82.60±2.46、73.90±2.46和73.00±4.16）>[真菌名称2]（78.60±1.46、68.90±2.96和69.00±3.46）。Barazide 0.1%与[真菌名称2] 1.5%联合使用，在处理72小时和96小时后，对3龄和4龄幼虫的死亡率达到了100%。卡方检验表明，在最高剂量下，p<0.05水平时死亡率显著，概率分析显示，在处理72小时和96小时后，针对3龄和4龄幼虫，剂量为5.15%和7.63%时的最低致死浓度值及95%置信区间分别为1.38 - 19.22和2.85 - 20.39。联合使用的杀虫剂中观察到的死亡率上升趋势为：Barazide + [真菌名称2]<Barazide + [真菌名称1]<Barazide + [细菌名称]变种。联合使用杀虫剂产生了协同作用，为害虫防治提供了有价值的实践方法。这些结果表明，联合处理可能是控制[害虫名称]数量的成功方法，同时农民可以减少有害化学杀虫剂不恰当的滥用和过度使用。
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