Giffin Jennifer L, Gaitor Danielle, Franz-Odendaal Tamara A
Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada.
Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
J Dev Biol. 2019 Feb 1;7(1):4. doi: 10.3390/jdb7010004.
The development of a skeletogenic condensation is perhaps the most critical yet considerably overlooked stage of skeletogenesis. Described in this comprehensive review are the mechanisms that facilitate skeletogenic condensation formation, growth, and maintenance to allow for overt differentiation into a skeletal element. This review discusses the current knowledge of gene regulation and characterization of skeletogenic condensations in the chicken, mouse, zebrafish, and other developmental models. We limited our scope to condensations that give rise to the bones and cartilages of the vertebrate skeleton, with a particular focus on craniofacial and limb bud regions. While many of the skeletogenic processes are similar among vertebrate lineages, differences are apparent in the site and timing of the initial epithelial⁻mesenchymal interactions as well as in whether the condensation has an osteogenic or chondrogenic fate, both within and among species. Further comparative studies are needed to clarify and broaden the existing knowledge of this intricate phenomenon.
骨骼发生性凝聚的形成可能是骨骼发生过程中最关键但却被严重忽视的阶段。本综述全面描述了促进骨骼发生性凝聚形成、生长和维持，从而使其向骨骼元素进行明显分化的机制。本综述讨论了鸡、小鼠、斑马鱼及其他发育模型中骨骼发生性凝聚的基因调控及特征的现有知识。我们将范围限定在产生脊椎动物骨骼的骨骼和软骨的凝聚，特别关注颅面部和肢芽区域。虽然许多骨骼发生过程在脊椎动物谱系中相似，但物种内部和物种之间，初始上皮-间充质相互作用的位点和时间以及凝聚是具有成骨还是软骨形成命运方面存在明显差异。需要进一步的比较研究来阐明和拓宽对这一复杂现象的现有认识。
