Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
Department of Environment and Forest engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Feb 2;16(3):442. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16030442.
The purpose of this study was to identify pollution sources by characterizing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from total suspended particles in Ulaanbaatar City. Fifteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured in total suspended particle samples collected from different sites, such as the urban center, industrial district and ger (Mongolian traditional house) areas, and residential areas both in heating (January, March), and non-heating (September) periods in 2017. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration ranged between 131 and 773 ng·m in winter, 22.2 and 530.6 ng·m in spring, and between 1.4 and 54.6 ng·m in autumn. Concentrations of specific polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as phenanthrene were higher in the ger area in winter and spring seasons, and the pyrene concentration was dominant in late summer in the residential area. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentrations in the ger area were particularly higher than the other sites, especially in winter. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ratios indicated that vehicle emissions were likely the main source at the city center in the winter time. Mixed contributions from biomass, coal, and petroleum combustion were responsible for the particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution at other sampling sites during the whole observation period. The lifetime inhalation cancer risk values in the ger area due to winter pollution were estimated to be 1.2 × 10 and 2.1 × 10 for child and adult exposures, respectively, which significantly exceed Environmental Protection Agency guidelines.
本研究旨在通过分析乌兰巴托市总悬浮颗粒物中的多环芳烃来确定污染来源。2017 年，在城市中心、工业区和蒙古传统住宅区（ger）以及供暖（1 月、3 月）和非供暖（9 月）期间的居民区，采集了不同地点的总悬浮颗粒物样本，共测量了 15 种多环芳烃。多环芳烃的浓度在冬季介于 131 和 773ng·m 之间，在春季介于 22.2 和 530.6ng·m 之间，在秋季介于 1.4 和 54.6ng·m 之间。在冬季和春季，ger 区的某些多环芳烃（如菲）浓度较高，而在夏季后期，居民区的芘浓度较高。ger 区的多环芳烃浓度明显高于其他地区，尤其是在冬季。多环芳烃比值表明，在冬季市中心，车辆排放可能是主要来源。在整个观测期间，其他采样点的颗粒物多环芳烃污染主要来自生物质、煤炭和石油燃烧的混合贡献。由于冬季污染，ger 区的居民（儿童和成人）在冬季暴露于多环芳烃时，其终生吸入致癌风险值估计分别为 1.2×10 和 2.1×10，这显著超过了环境保护局的指导值。
