Barghash Maya H, Pinney Sean P
Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Card Electrophysiol Clin. 2019 Mar;11(1):21-37. doi: 10.1016/j.ccep.2018.11.005. Epub 2018 Dec 28.
Heart failure (HF) affects 2.4% of the adult population in the United States and is associated with high health care costs. Medical and device therapy delay disease progression and improve survival in HF with reduced ejection fraction. Stage D HF is characterized by significant functional limitation, frequent HF hospitalization for decompensation, intolerance of medical therapy, use of inotropes, and high diuretic requirement. Advanced therapies with left ventricular assist devices and cardiac transplantation reduce mortality and improve quality of life, and early referral to specialized centers is imperative for patient selection and success with these therapies.
心力衰竭（HF）影响美国2.4%的成年人口，并与高昂的医疗费用相关。药物和器械治疗可延缓疾病进展，提高射血分数降低的心力衰竭患者的生存率。D期心力衰竭的特征是功能严重受限、因失代偿频繁住院治疗、不耐受药物治疗、使用正性肌力药物以及高利尿需求。左心室辅助装置和心脏移植等先进疗法可降低死亡率并改善生活质量，早期转诊至专科中心对于患者选择以及这些疗法的成功实施至关重要。
