State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China.
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK.
Trends Parasitol. 2019 Mar;35(3):239-253. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.01.005. Epub 2019 Feb 1.
Important progress has been made in understanding how immunity is elicited against Toxoplasma gondii - a complex pathogen with multiple mechanisms of immune evasion. Many vaccine candidates have been tested using various strategies in animal models. However, none of these strategies has delivered as yet, and important challenges remain in the development of vaccines that can eliminate the tissue cysts and/or fully block vertical transmission. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the host immune response to T. gondii infection and summarize the key limitations for the development of an effective, safe, and durable toxoplasmosis vaccine. We also discuss how the successes and failures in developing and testing vaccine candidates have provided a roadmap for future vaccine development.
在理解针对弓形虫（一种具有多种免疫逃避机制的复杂病原体）的免疫应答方面已经取得了重要进展。许多疫苗候选物已在动物模型中使用各种策略进行了测试。然而，到目前为止，这些策略都没有成功，在开发能够消除组织囊肿和/或完全阻断垂直传播的疫苗方面仍然存在重要挑战。在这篇综述中，我们概述了宿主对弓形虫感染的免疫反应的当前认识，并总结了开发有效、安全和持久的弓形虫病疫苗的关键限制。我们还讨论了在开发和测试疫苗候选物方面的成功和失败如何为未来的疫苗开发提供了路线图。
