加纳一家基层医院高血压患者的人格特质、临床特征及健康相关生活质量
Personality Traits, Clinical Characteristics, and Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Hypertension in a Primary Hospital in Ghana.
作者信息
Kretchy Irene A, Acheampong Franklin, Laryea Jane, Osafo Joseph, Asampong Emmanuel, Dickson Erica
机构信息
Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
Department of Research, Korle Bu teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.
出版信息
Int J Hypertens. 2019 Jan 2;2019:7489875. doi: 10.1155/2019/7489875. eCollection 2019.
BACKGROUND
Hypertension is a major health problem that remains a significant threat to the health and general wellbeing of many people all over the world. In some patients, the etiology and prognosis of hypertension have been linked to psychological factors including personality traits. One primary goal of management is to improve the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with hypertension. This study aimed to examine the association between personality traits, clinical characteristics, and HRQoL in hypertension.
METHODS
A hospital-based cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted in a sample of 331 individuals with hypertension. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, clinical information, personality traits, and HRQoL were obtained from participants using an interviewer administered questionnaire.
RESULTS
The number of participants with a 1-10 years' duration of diagnosis for hypertension was highest (56.8%), with 52.9% having comorbidities such as diabetes (40.2%) and dyslipidaemia (20.9%). The average number of medications taken per patient was 2.14 (SD±0.79) and about 47.1% of the participants reported adequate medication adherence. Significant associations for age, education, monthly income, number of years with hypertension, and HRQoL were observed. While conscientiousness was significantly associated with all HRQoL domains, extraversion and agreeableness were significantly related to only the environmental domain.
CONCLUSION
This study has demonstrated that clinical characteristics and patients' perception of their personality are relevant to their health-related quality of life outcomes. The findings suggest that when intervention efforts to improve the quality of life of patients with hypertension are being considered, a biopsychosocial approach should be employed. The implication is that treatment of hypertension in Ghana should be broadened to include the expertise of mental health professionals.
背景
高血压是一个主要的健康问题，仍然对世界各地许多人的健康和总体福祉构成重大威胁。在一些患者中，高血压的病因和预后与包括人格特质在内的心理因素有关。管理的一个主要目标是提高高血压患者的健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）。本研究旨在探讨人格特质、临床特征与高血压患者HRQoL之间的关联。
方法
对331名高血压患者进行了一项基于医院的横断面定量研究。使用访员管理的问卷从参与者那里获取社会人口学特征、临床信息、人格特质和HRQoL的数据。
结果
高血压诊断持续时间为1至10年的参与者人数最多（56.8%），52.9%的患者患有合并症，如糖尿病（40.2%）和血脂异常（20.9%）。每位患者平均服用的药物数量为2.14（标准差±0.79），约47.1%的参与者报告药物依从性良好。观察到年龄、教育程度、月收入、高血压患病年限与HRQoL之间存在显著关联。尽责性与所有HRQoL领域均显著相关，外向性和宜人性仅与环境领域显著相关。
结论
本研究表明，临床特征和患者对自身人格的认知与他们的健康相关生活质量结果相关。研究结果表明，在考虑改善高血压患者生活质量的干预措施时，应采用生物心理社会方法。这意味着加纳的高血压治疗应扩大到包括心理健康专业人员的专业知识。
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