Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou str, Athens, Greece.
Hormones (Athens). 2019 Jun;18(2):141-144. doi: 10.1007/s42000-019-00093-w. Epub 2019 Feb 4.
The ratio of human to bacterial cells in the human body (microbiota) is around 1:1. As a result of co-evolution of the host mucosal immune system and the microbiota, both have developed multiple mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. However, dissociations between the composition of the gut microbiota and the human host may play a crucial role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Metformin, the most frequently administered medication to treat patients with type 2 diabetes, has only recently been suggested to alter gut microbiota composition through the increase in mucin-degrading Akkermansia muciniphila, as well as several SCFA-producing (short-chain fatty acid) microbiota. The gut microbiota of participants on metformin has exerted alterations in gut metabolomics with increased ability to produce butyrate and propionate, substances involved in glucose homeostasis. Thus, metformin appears to affect the microbiome, and an individual's metformin tolerance or intolerance may be influenced by their microbiome. In this review, we will focus on the effects of metformin in gut microbiota among patients with T2DM.
人体内（微生物群）的细菌细胞与人细胞比例约为 1:1。由于宿主黏膜免疫系统和微生物群的共同进化，两者都发展出了多种维持体内平衡的机制。然而，肠道微生物群的组成与人类宿主之间的分离可能在 2 型糖尿病的发展中起着关键作用。二甲双胍是治疗 2 型糖尿病患者最常使用的药物，最近才被认为通过增加黏蛋白降解阿克曼菌和几种产生短链脂肪酸（short-chain fatty acid）的微生物来改变肠道微生物群的组成。二甲双胍使用者的肠道微生物组在肠道代谢组学方面发生了改变，能够产生更多的丁酸盐和丙酸盐，这些物质参与葡萄糖的体内平衡。因此，二甲双胍似乎会影响微生物组，一个人的二甲双胍耐受性或不耐受可能受到其微生物组的影响。在这篇综述中，我们将重点关注二甲双胍在 2 型糖尿病患者肠道微生物群中的作用。
