State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Mar;26(9):8485-8501. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-04289-w. Epub 2019 Feb 4.
A huge accumulation of domestic waste has caused serious environmental contamination in rural areas of developing countries (RADIC). The characteristics and management of domestic waste are carefully discussed, based on field surveys and a literature review. The results indicate that the generation in most of RADIC is less than the median of 0.521 kg day per capita in China, and much smaller than in rural areas of developed countries (RADEC). Organic waste and inert waste with an accumulative mass percentage of 72.31% are dominant components of domestic waste in the rural areas of China. There are trends of increasing amounts of kitchen waste, paper/cardboard, and plastic/rubber and a decreasing trend of ash waste. The RADIC composition of domestic waste had a high content of organic waste and a low content of recyclable waste compared to the RADEC. Domestic waste has good compressibility and a light bulk density ranging from 40 to 650 kg m. The moisture, ash, combustible, and calorific values of domestic waste were 53.31%, 18.03%, 28.67%, and 5368 kJ kg, respectively. The domestic waste has an abundance of nutrients including organic matter (39.05%), nitrogen (1.02%), phosphorus (0.50%), and potassium (1.42%). In RADIC, domestic waste can be used as an agricultural manure only after it has been collected and sorted for the potential risk of heavy metal accumulation. Based on these characteristics of domestic waste and the different situations of rural areas, four waste management modes including centralized treatment, decentralized treatment, group treatment, and mobile treatment are designed and discussed.
农村地区（RADIC）大量堆积的生活垃圾造成了严重的环境污染。基于实地调查和文献综述，本文详细讨论了农村地区生活垃圾的特征和管理。结果表明，发展中国家农村地区的垃圾产生量均小于中国农村地区人均 0.521kg/d 的中位数，远小于发达国家农村地区（RADEC）。有机垃圾和惰性垃圾的累积质量百分比为 72.31%，是中国农村地区生活垃圾的主要成分。厨余垃圾、纸/纸板和塑料/橡胶的数量呈增加趋势，灰分废物的数量呈减少趋势。与 RADEC 相比，RADIC 生活垃圾的有机废物含量较高，可回收废物含量较低。生活垃圾具有良好的压缩性和较轻的堆积密度，范围为 40 至 650kg/m³。生活垃圾的水分、灰分、可燃物和热值分别为 53.31%、18.03%、28.67%和 5368kJ/kg。生活垃圾中含有丰富的营养物质，包括有机质（39.05%）、氮（1.02%）、磷（0.50%）和钾（1.42%）。在 RADIC，由于存在重金属积累的潜在风险，只有在收集和分类后，生活垃圾才能作为农业肥料使用。基于这些生活垃圾的特点和农村地区的不同情况，设计并讨论了集中处理、分散处理、分组处理和移动处理等四种垃圾管理模式。
