Deniz Serdar, Coskun Ferhat, Oztas Dilek, Kurt Ahmet Oner
Malatya Provincial Health Directorate, Malatya, Turkey.
J BUON. 2018 Dec;23(7):44-52.
Determination of information attitudes, behaviors and related factors on breast and cervical cancer screenings of primary health care workers.
The population of the study consisted of 1,130 female health workers working in health facilities (Community Health Centers, Family Health Centers) that provided primary health care services in the province of Mersin. The fieldwork was carried out in October 2017-February 2018 period. There were 62 questions in the survey form. There were questions about socio-demographic and living conditions in the first 19 questions and breast and cervical cancer in the next 43 questions.
In the study, 87.8% of the target group could be reached, 84.8% of the physicians and 88.2% of the non-physician health professionals. The mean age was 38.93 ± 7.89. Of the group 14% were physicians and the rest were health workers such as midwives, nurses, health officers and medical secretaries, while 47.7% of the group had at least 1 relative who was diagnosed with cancer. More than 90% of the group said that breast and cervical cancer could be diagnosed early and treated if diagnosed early. Of the group 95.3% knew how to do breast self-examination (BSE) and 90.1% of those who knew were doing BSE. The most common response to the question of what should be done for early recognition of breast cancer was BSE and Pap smear test in cervical cancer. The physician group was more advantageous than the other staff in knowing and practicing BSE and in what period it should be done. The most common symptom of breast cancer was the presence of a mass or swelling in the breast. Of the subjects in the target age group, 21.9% of those who think they are at risk had never had a Pap smear test and 14.3% have not had a gynecological examination.
Although these findings indicate that health care professionals are more knowledgable in terms of breast and cervical cancer screening than non-health care workers, it is necessary to motivate healthcare professionals to increase their level of knowledge and practice on cancer screening. The most important means of achieving this is to ensure that in-service trainings, cancer screenings and the risks to be taken in case of non-screening are mentioned seriously.
确定基层医疗工作者对乳腺癌和宫颈癌筛查的信息态度、行为及相关因素。
研究人群包括在梅尔辛省提供基层医疗服务的医疗机构（社区卫生中心、家庭健康中心）工作的1130名女性卫生工作者。实地调查于2017年10月至2018年2月期间进行。调查问卷有62个问题。前19个问题涉及社会人口统计学和生活状况，后43个问题涉及乳腺癌和宫颈癌。
在该研究中，目标群体的87.8%能够被纳入研究，其中医生占84.8%，非医生卫生专业人员占88.2%。平均年龄为38.93±7.89岁。该群体中14%为医生，其余为助产士、护士、卫生官员和医疗秘书等卫生工作者，而47.7%的群体中至少有1名亲属被诊断患有癌症。超过90%的群体表示乳腺癌和宫颈癌若能早期诊断则可得到治疗。该群体中95.3%知道如何进行乳房自我检查（BSE），其中90.1%知道的人会进行BSE。对于如何早期发现乳腺癌这一问题，最常见的回答是BSE，对于宫颈癌则是巴氏涂片检查。医生群体在了解和实践BSE以及应在什么时期进行方面比其他工作人员更具优势。乳腺癌最常见的症状是乳房出现肿块或肿胀。在目标年龄组的受试者中，认为自己有风险的人中有21.9%从未进行过巴氏涂片检查，14.3%从未进行过妇科检查。
尽管这些发现表明卫生保健专业人员在乳腺癌和宫颈癌筛查方面比非卫生保健工作者知识更丰富，但有必要激励卫生保健专业人员提高其在癌症筛查方面的知识水平和实践能力。实现这一目标的最重要手段是确保认真提及在职培训、癌症筛查以及不进行筛查可能面临的风险。
